[{"id":"1295","cataloger_name":["Bindu,Reddy"],"partnerInstitution":["Concordia University"],"collection_source_collection":["SGWU Reading Series-Concordia University Department of English fonds"],"source_collection_label":["SGWU Reading Series-Concordia University Department of English fonds"],"collection_contributing_unit":["Records Management and Archives"],"source_collection_uri":[""],"collection_image_url":[""],"collection_source_collection_description":["The fonds consists of some administrative records of the SGWU Department of English and the Concordia Department of English between 1971 and 2000. It also consists of some SGWU Department of English records related to student academic activities in the 1940s and to public readings and lectures, and a few interviews, produced between 1966 and 1972. The fonds mainly includes minutes of departmental meetings and some course timetables. It also includes some student papers in bound volumes and 63 sound recordings (80 audio reels) mainly composed of poetry readings (see the Concordia SpokenWeb project which uses this material) but also a few lectures given at SGWU. There are also loose typed sheets describing some of the SGWU poetry readings."],"collection_source_collection_id":["I086"],"persistent_url":["http://archives.concordia.ca/I086"],"item_title":["Gary Snyder at Sir George Williams University, The Poetry Series, 5 November 1971\n"],"item_title_source":["Cataloguer"],"item_title_note":["\"POETRY READING GARY SNYDER #1 I006-11-106.1\" written on sticker on the spine of the tape's box. \"I006-11-106.1\" written on sticker on the reel\n\n\"POETRY READING GARY SNYDER #2 I006-11-106.2\" written on sticker on the spine of the tape's box. \"I006-11-106.2\" written on sticker on the reel\n\n\"POETRY READING GARY SNYDER #3 I006-11-106.3\" written on sticker on the spine of the tape's box. \"POETRY READING GARY SNYDER I006-11-106.3\" written on sticker on the reel\n\n\"POETRY READING GARY SNYDER #4 I006-11-106.4\" written on sticker on the spine of the tape's box. \"POETRY READING GARY SNYDER I006-11-106.4\" written on sticker on the reel\n"],"item_language":["English"],"item_production_context":["Documentary recording"],"item_series_title":["The Poetry Series"],"item_subseries_title":["Poetry 6"],"item_identifiers":["[I006-11-106.1, I006-11-106.2, I006-11-106.3, I006-11-106.4]"],"creator_names":["Snyder, Gary"],"creator_names_search":["Snyder, Gary"],"creators":["[{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/68944804\",\"name\":\"Snyder, Gary\",\"dates\":\"1930-\",\"notes\":\"American poet and nature activist Gary Snyder was born in San Francisco on May 8, 1930. He spent most of his early life exploring the wilderness and cultures along the Pacific Coast around his parent’s dairy farm in Washington State. In 1942, his family moved to Portland, Oregon and in 1947 he enrolled in Reed College to study literature and anthropology. His senior thesis was later published in 1978 and called He Who Hunted Birds in His Father’s Village: The Dimensions of a Haida Myth (Grey Fox Press). Snyder then worked various jobs with the U.S. Forest Service and Park Service, with timber companies on Native American Reservations, and Snyder even climbed aboard a ship traveling to South America. In 1951, Snyder completed his bachelor’s degree and went to Indiana University to study linguistics, which only lasted one semester, after which, he traveled to San Francisco. Snyder met and lived with the poet Philip Whalen before entering into the University of California, Berkley in 1952 to begin graduate studies in East Asian languages. The poetry scene in San Francisco (San Francisco Renaissance) had begun to take shape and on October 7, 1955, Snyder read with Allen Ginsberg, Philip Lamantia, Michael McClure, Kenneth Rexroth and Philip Whalen at the famous “Six Poets at the Six Gallery”, a reading which launched the ‘Beat’ movement. In 1956, Snyder began formal Buddhist training in Kyoto, Japan, and traveled back and forth from the U.S. several times during the next decade, studying Buddhism and writing poetry. Snyder’s first collection of poetry was Riprap (Four Seasons Foundation, 1959), which was followed the next year by Myths and Texts (Totem Press, 1960), Six Sections from Mountains and Rivers without End (1965), Cold Mountain Poems (Four Seasons, 1965), The Back Country (New Directions, 1968), a collection of essays Earth House Hold (New Directions, 1969), Regarding Wave (Windhover Press, 1969), Manzanita (Four Seasons Foundation, 1972), The Fudo Trilogy (Shaman Drum, 1973) and the Pulitzer Prize-winning Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974). With an increase in popularity, Snyder became a spokesman for environmental issues and served on the Board for the California Arts Council between 1974 and 1979. He began local projects and schools, including the North San Juan School House and the Ring-of-Bone Zendo Buddhist community centre. Snyder then published a series of essays and prose in The Old Ways (City Lights Books, 1977), The Real Work: Interviews and Talks, 1964-1979 (New Directions, 1980), and an account of his travels with poets Joanne Kyger and Allen Ginsberg Passage through India (1983), and a return to poetry with Axe Handles (North Point Press, 1983), and Left Out in the Rain (North Point Press, 1986). Snyder then began teaching at the University of California, Davis, in both the English and Nature and Culture Departments. More recently, he has published essays and poetry in No Nature: New and Selected Poems (Pantheon Books, 1992), a completed version of a long poem previously published Mountains and Rivers without End (Counterpoint, 1996) which won the Bollingen Prize. His collected poetry can be found in The Gary Snyder Reader: Prose, Poetry and Translations 1952-1998 (Counterpoint, 1999) and The High Sierra of California: Poems and Journals of Gary Snyder (Quail Press, 2000). Snyder retired from teaching in 2002, but has continued advocating for environmental issues and writing poetry, publishing Danger on Peaks (Shoemaker & Hoard, 2004), Back on the Fire: Essays (Shoemaker & Hoard, 2007).\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Author\",\"Performer\"]}]"],"contributors_names":["Sommer, Richard"],"contributors_names_search":["Sommer, Richard"],"contributors":["[{\"url\":\"http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84036163\",\"name\":\"Sommer, Richard\",\"dates\":\"1934-2012\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Series organizer\",\"Presenter\"]}]"],"Presenter_name":["Sommer, Richard"],"Series_organizer_name":["Sommer, Richard"],"Production_Date":[1971],"material_description":["[{\"side\":\"\",\"image\":\"\",\"other\":\"\",\"extent\":\"1/4 inch\",\"AV_types\":\"Audio\",\"tape_brand\":\"Scotch\",\"generations\":\"\",\"Conservation\":\"\",\"equalization\":\"\",\"playback_mode\":\"Stereo\",\"playing_speed\":\"3 3/4 ips\",\"sound_quality\":\"Excellent\",\"recording_type\":\"Analogue\",\"storage_capacity\":\"\",\"physical_condition\":\"\",\"track_configuration\":\"\",\"material_designation\":\"Reel to Reel\",\"physical_composition\":\"Magnetic Tape\",\"accompanying_material\":\"\",\"other_physical_description\":\"\"},{\"side\":\"\",\"image\":\"\",\"other\":\"\",\"extent\":\"1/4 inch\",\"AV_types\":\"Audio\",\"tape_brand\":\"Scotch\",\"generations\":\"\",\"Conservation\":\"\",\"equalization\":\"\",\"playback_mode\":\"Stereo\",\"playing_speed\":\"3 3/4 ips\",\"sound_quality\":\"Excellent\",\"recording_type\":\"Analogue\",\"storage_capacity\":\"\",\"physical_condition\":\"\",\"track_configuration\":\"2 track\",\"material_designation\":\"Reel to Reel\",\"physical_composition\":\"Magnetic Tape\",\"accompanying_material\":\"\",\"other_physical_description\":\"\"},{\"side\":\"\",\"image\":\"\",\"other\":\"\",\"extent\":\"1/4 inch\",\"AV_types\":\"Audio\",\"tape_brand\":\"\",\"generations\":\"\",\"Conservation\":\"\",\"equalization\":\"\",\"playback_mode\":\"Stereo\",\"playing_speed\":\"3 3/4 ips\",\"sound_quality\":\"Excellent\",\"recording_type\":\"Analogue\",\"storage_capacity\":\"\",\"physical_condition\":\"\",\"track_configuration\":\"2 track\",\"material_designation\":\"Reel to Reel\",\"physical_composition\":\"Magnetic Tape\",\"accompanying_material\":\"\",\"other_physical_description\":\"\"},{\"side\":\"\",\"image\":\"\",\"other\":\"\",\"extent\":\"1/4 inch\",\"AV_types\":\"Audio\",\"tape_brand\":\"\",\"generations\":\"\",\"Conservation\":\"\",\"equalization\":\"\",\"playback_mode\":\"Stereo\",\"playing_speed\":\"3 3/4 ips\",\"sound_quality\":\"Excellent\",\"recording_type\":\"Analogue\",\"storage_capacity\":\"\",\"physical_condition\":\"\",\"track_configuration\":\"2 track\",\"material_designation\":\"Reel to Reel\",\"physical_composition\":\"Magnetic Tape\",\"accompanying_material\":\"\",\"other_physical_description\":\"\"}]"],"material_designations":["Reel to Reel","Reel to Reel","Reel to Reel","Reel to Reel"],"physical_compositions":["Magnetic Tape","Magnetic Tape","Magnetic Tape","Magnetic Tape"],"recording_type":["Analogue","Analogue","Analogue","Analogue"],"AV_type":["Audio","Audio","Audio","Audio"],"playback_mode":["Stereo","Stereo","Stereo","Stereo"],"Dates":["[{\"date\":\"1971 11 5\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Date apecified in written announcements\\n\",\"source\":\"Supplemental Material\"}]"],"Location":["[{\"url\":\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/22080570\",\"venue\":\"Hall Building Room H-651\",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"1455, Boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, Canada\",\"latitude\":\"45.4972758\",\"longitude\":\"-73.57893043\"}]"],"Address":["1455, Boul de Maisonneuve Ouest, Montreal, Quebec, Canada"],"Venue":["Hall Building Room H-651"],"City":["Montreal, Quebec"],"content_notes":["Gary Snyder reads poems later collected in Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974), originally published in a limited edition book called Manzanita (Four Seasons Press, 1972). He also reads one poem from Regarding Wave (Fulcrum Press, 1971), one poem from Coyote’s Journal #9 (1971), one poem from The Fudo Trilogy (Shaman Drum, 1973), and several from Mountains and Rivers Without End (Counterpoint) only published in 1997, as well as other poems from unknown sources. "],"contents":["gary_snyder_i006-11-106-1.mp3 [File 1 of 4]\n\nRichard (Dick) Sommer\n00:00:00\nProbably some of us are here in order to look at or touch the Gary Snyder [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315963] who actually went and did all those semi-mythological things, who has climbed mountains and traveled in India with Allen Ginsberg [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6711], who provided Kerouac [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160534] with a book character, who has lived in or on the edges of several different kinds of wilderness, who has lived in the precincts of Japanese Buddhist monasteries, who has fought, I think has fought hard, to keep other cultures than ours, and other kinds of life than human life, from obliteration. And who has written poems out of the consciousness of these things. For myself, Gary Snyder hasn't made poems so much as he has provided me with windows made out of words. These are windows that have had a way of, themselves disappearing, leaving me usually standing where I think I want to be, out in the open world. So, I came here, I've come here, to meet whoever it is that makes so many good windows. I'll let you discover for yourselves how much this window-maker is what a windowmaker should be, himself, just open and clear. I'd like to present Gary Snyder.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:02:58\nI forgot one more thing I wanted to have out here. Good evening. I'm going to read in two sets this evening, with a little intermission. And first of all, I'm not going to read any poems tonight from my published books, because those poems are available and what is interesting to me is always what I'm doing, where I'm moving. So I'm going to read from a cycle of short poems, moderately short poems, which I call \"Charms\", and\nthen there'll be a break, and then I'm going to read recent sections that I've been working on from a long poem in progress called \"Mountains and Rivers Without End\". I came back to the United States [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30] from Japan [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17] with my wife and children about three years ago now, and went as rapidly as possible to settle in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26777], on the north slope of the south fork of the Yuba river [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181973] at three-thousand foot elevation. And I've been living there for almost two years now. I'm saying this by way of introduction to this first cycle of poems called \"Charms\". I was brought up on a farm, and all of my ancestors that I know of, for the last few generations on both sides, were rural people, or miners, miners in Colorado [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261], Leadville [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286702], places like that. And it amazes me in a mysterious way how to get back to doing what my father was doing when I was a little boy, and what, and which I remember as a little boy, and to get back to doing what my grandfather was doing, which is to say--again, looking at the fences, looking at the stumps, looking at the house, looking at the well, looking at the spring and saying, how are we going to do it--touches me more deeply than I can possibly explain. And at the same time, being confronted again with these choices, which are the choices of the American frontier, and also the choices of medieval Europeans, and neolithic Mediterranean people, and neolithic Japanese people, and neolithic Chinese people. With what I've come to understand, a little more now, about history, anthropology, and biology, I feel an extraordinary responsibility to understand why I make the choices I make, in such matters as, where does one break the ground and locate a garden, or which trees does one select to fall. In other words, I find myself again in that position of entering virgin land, and this time, I want to understand, in the process of making my own choices, I want to understand why we did it wrong, every time before, and hope to get some insights in how one goes about doing it right, this time. In moving toward that understanding, in making the choices that I have to make, about how we are going to live, in the semi-wilderness and true wilderness of the Sierra Nevada, my teachers have to be scientific foresters, biologists and ecologists on the one hand, and the American Indians on the other. There are no other teachers available for these choices.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:08:02\nAnd so these poems, in the cycle called \"Charms\", reflect those debts and reflect the search for that knowledge, insofar as I've gotten into it up to this point. It starts with a little chant, called \"Grace for Love\". Before we...grace, in the sense of the grace that we say before meals. Which is, grace is gratitude, an expression of gratitude for a meal. And the gratitude that we say at my rancheria is a kind of a rough translation from a Japanese Buddhist grace which goes like this in English: \"We venerate the three treasures and are thankful for this meal, the work of other people, and the suffering of other forms of life.\" The need for grace, for love, is something I became aware of when I realized that there was a level of validity in the Catholic Church's objection to contraceptive devices, insofar as love, like food, is a sacrament, and that there is level in which the act of love should inevitably be connected with the consciousness of its role in moving the seed, in transmitting the energy of the knowledge of the biomass, as transmitted down through time. But I felt that the church is far too simple-minded in assuming that the energy aroused in the sacrament of love, in the direction of fertility, has to mean literally that the people who are acting that sacrament out have to necessarily procreate their own kind. And so we came to this, I and several other people, came to this, as what primitive people would call the transferral of merit, or species-increase ritual. In other words, we make love with gratitude to other beings, and wish to transfer our fertility from the human race to the vanishing species.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:11:09\nPerforms \"Grace for Love\".\n\nGary Snyder\n00:14:20\nReads \"A Curse on the Man In the Pentagon, Washington\".\n\nGary Snyder\n00:16:37\nThat's from a Cheyenne ghost dance song, that little last chorus.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:16:43\nReads \"I went into the Maverick Bar\" [published later  in Turtle Island].\n\nGary Snyder\n00:18:25\nThe Navajo word \"Anasazi\" means \"the ancient ones.\" It's the name that the Navajo gave to the people who lived in the canyons and cliffs of Chaco Canyon [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49786970] and Canyon De Chelly [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41679118] and Mesa Verde [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821095] and many other sites. Probably the people were the ancestors of the present Pueblo people, living there probably up until the twelfth century, till the great drought of the thirteenth century. The people who more than any others, to judge from what the Pueblo people are still able to transmit today, the people who more than any others have achieved what could truly be called \"civilization\" on this continent, and whose lore embodies perhaps two millennia of deep experience. I wrote this at Canyon De Chelly.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:19:52\nReads “Anasazi” [published later in Turtle Island].\n\nGary Snyder\n00:21:11\nThe Canyon De Chelly, which will come up in another poem I'm going to read later today, and in fact, all over the West, all over the Great Basin [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966943], and in other parts of North America [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49] too, notably on the granite outcroppings on th]e northern shores of Lake Superior [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066], for example, are designs pecked into the rocks, petroglyphs. Anthropologists, Americanists, whatever you call 'em, haven't had much time to study those petroglyphs yet, because they've been engaged through all the years of this century in a hasty, half-successful salvage operation. Salvaging the remnants of this or that dying culture, recording and taping the last words of a dying language, and they've had no time to give to studying these older things that they know are there, such as the petroglyphs. But the petroglyphs have a repeated vocabulary of motifs which are found in patterns distributed all over North America, and particularly in the West. One of the most widespread is a hand, that someone has put on a cliff or a boulder face, apparently outlined, and then filled it in with red, hematite, or a red hand. That red hand often is lacking a finger, or lacking a finger-joint. This would not be notable in itself if it weren't that in the caves of southern France [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142] and northern Spain [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29], there are dated, back as far as 40,000 years, the same red hands, with missing fingers and missing finger-joints are found. This is only one of a number of things which are found all the way. And so this next poem, \"The Way West Underground\", is one of a number of poems, and this is perhaps the most intellectual of them, in which I'm trying to trace out how you get back to make the line of connection between what I know the American knows, what I am beginning to know the American Indian knew, and what I am beginning to know our prehistoric ancestors knew, which was not a different knowledge. And the question of why our prehistoric ancestors lost it is another question. Actually the main impetus of this poem deals with the bears, because there's an international mystery religion called the Bear Cult, that runs all the way from Finland [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33] to Utah [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829], across Siberia [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428], and it shares the mysterious central theme, which is a girl who marries a bear. I've written several poems about that girl. And about the bears. And so this is coming in on that from another angle.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:25:12\nReads \"The Way West Underground\" [published later in Turtle Island].\n\nEND\n00:26:55\n\n\ngary_snyder_i006-11-106-2.mp3 [File 2 of 4]\n\nGary Snyder\n00:00:00\n--which is a way Finnish men sing folk songs together.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:00:05\nResumes reading of \"The Way West Underground\".\n\nUnknown\n00:02:20\n[Cut or edit made in tape].\n\nGary Snyder\n00:02:21\nSo I had to trace back again in my mind, with my eyes, with my observation: of course, the plants produce seeds, the birds feed on the seeds, and so forth. Small members of the food chain. The ocean is similar but in a different set of relationships. We live on an exuberance of sexuality. We eat the reproductive organs of grasses: wheat, rice. Because herring or cod have millions of eggs that hatch into millions of almost-microscopic fry, the food chains of the ocean are made possible.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:03:16 \nReads \"The Song of the Taste\" from Regarding Wave.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:04:51\nI read that because it goes so nicely with this other poem, called \"Song to the Raw Material\". I really think a lot about these things these days because I've put myself deliberately in the position of having to know where my food comes from, and it's no longer a question of, like do I eat natural foods or supermarket foods, or do I eat meat or am I a vegetarian, it's more sophisticated than that, it's a lot more subtle than that. Like literally, where did it come from. And by what means can I have a sense of responsibility and gratitude to what it is that I'm eating and in what sense can I repay that world, whichever world it is, that I am feeding off of. Well of course one way you can repay it is by being a willing, and gracious, member of the food chain yourself. Now we are rather large animals, which means that we are rather high in the food chain. But nonetheless, quite edible. And it would be a great honour, really, to be eaten by a large, rare predator, and I can't think of any way I'd rather finish my days than to give myself to a grizzly bear, if I could, you know, choose when. [Laughter]. Like get all my affairs in order first. I'm not ready yet! Or at least, go back, as large creatures often do, go back into the cycle of feeding smaller creatures. But you can see the basic biological ignorance of this society, the ignorance of what systems really are, what basic systems are, and what our responsibilities to our membership in basic systems is, by the fact that they either burn people up or they fill them full of chemicals which make them not tasty, and lock them in bronze caskets, and so forth. The only people in the world who are righteous about this particular question seem to be the Tibetans and the Parsis, I mean, really righteous about it. The Tibetans and the Parsis have an old tradition, which is mentioned, it's so old that it's mentioned by Herodotus [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11925546], in talking about a group of people called the Magi, in Persia [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794], that is to say they expose their dead in elevated places and feed them to the vultures. That's one very elegant way, actually, to deal with it. The Eskimo, an Eskimo shaman whose name I forget, is reputed to have said, \"We live dangerous lives, because our food consists entirely of souls\". “Song to the Raw Material”.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:08:12\nReads \"Song of the Raw Material\".\n\nGary Snyder\n00:09:12\nReads \"Steak\" [published later in Turtle Island; audience laughter and applause throughout].\n\nGary Snyder\n00:10:53\nI saw that in Lethbridge [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270887], Alberta [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951]. [Audience laughter]. The creation mythology of Japan, called the kojiki, is very long, and very complicated. I tried to boil it down to some kind of a formula I could understand, at least boil down the first hundred pages of it, so I wrote this--it's about how the world is created according to the Japanese creation mythology. I think. I think that's what it is.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:11:28\nReads \"No matter, never mind\" [published later in Turtle Island].\n\nAudience\n00:12:14\nLaughter and applause.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:12:24\nIt's funny how the language is smarter than we are, [audience laughter] yeah. Like we can get hung up on mind/matter dualism, but the language won't accept it. It says the same thing two ways. \"The Bath\". Where we live we don't have any electricity or propane, and so we do everything with wood, including heating our bath, which we found the best wood-fired bathing system was a Finnish-type sauna, and...so this poem, you know just to set the scene, it's a somewhat longer poem, this poem is a sauna, with a wood-burning stove that also heats a tank of water on the side, and with a bench that you sit up on and a lower place that you can get down on and wash with. You can get these wood-fired sauna-stoves from some Finnish outfit in Michigan [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166]. The only place in the United States that I have been able to locate that makes sauna stoves that fire wood. I highly recommend them. The personae in this are my wife, my three-year old son, my three-and a-half year old son, my two-year-old son.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:14:00\nReads \"The Bath\" [published later in Turtle Island].\n\nGary Snyder\n00:19:31\nSome friends said to us, when we moved up to the backcountry, ah, you're just getting away from your responsibilities. You're evading the struggle. So I wrote this little poem as a, kind of a light answer to that. It's called \"Front Lines\".\n\nGary Snyder\n00:19:59\nReads \"Front Lines\" [published later in Turtle Island].\n\nGary Snyder\n00:21:36\nThat poem is not an exaggeration of what we're doing. We are, like, where I am and a number of other people I know around this continent, have their backs up against the wilderness, so to speak, and they're not going to let this thing go past them. If they can help it, or as you say, over my dead body. The California Indians used to set control burns, as distinct from wildfires, forestry terms, which contributed to the maintenance of what you might call a climax timber stand, keeping the undergrowth burnt out, keeping an annual deer-forage coming in, and protecting the large timber, as it were, from destructive forest fires, because whenever a forest fire--which is very common in California [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99], it's an annual event--whenever forest fires go through, went through the forests when they were in that condition, it simply went through taking the ground cover off, but couldn't get hot enough or high enough to kill the large trees. With the advent of logging, mining, and the Manzanita brush that follows on that, the whole flora of California changed radically. All of the flora of California changed. What happened was that the woods got very brushy, and then the early forestry practices which were, of course, to put forest fires out whenever they came on them, in some ways contributed to the increasingly dangerous situation of dense brush, logging slash laying around, second-growth trees not really very large yet, and a situation where every brush fire that went through killed absolutely everything grew up. And that's the state of the state now, to a large extent, although there are some hip foresters now who are back into control burns as best as they can. This poem is called \"Control Burn\" and it only starts from what I'm just talking about, taking that as an image.\n\nGary Snyder\n00:24:00\nReads \"Control Burn\" [published later in Turtle Island].\n\nGary Snyder\n00:25:37\nReads \"The Great Mother\" [published later in Turtle Island].\n\nEND\n00:26:55\n\n\ngary_snyder_i006-11-106-3.mp3 [File 3 of 4]\n\nGary Snyder\n00:00:00\nEverything in this next poem is all true. Almost everything.\n \nGary Snyder\n00:00:17\nReads \"The Call of the Wild\", Part I [published later in Turtle Island]. \n \nGary Snyder\n00:00:32\nReads \"The Call of the Wild\", Part II [published later in Turtle Island]. \n \nAnnotation\n00:01:52.06\nReads \"The Call of the Wild,\" Part III [published later in Turtle Island]. \n \nGary Snyder\n00:04:11\nReads \"Source\" [published later in Turtle Island]. \n \nGary Snyder\n00:05:40\nIn the poem \"Charms\", which is dedicated to Michael McClure [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1390054], who has more than any other living poet, or person even that I know, has gone farther than anyone else, I think, into becoming one with, in understanding, in penetrating, in perceiving the consciousness of other beings.\n \nGary Snyder\n00:06:15\nReads \"Charms\" [published later in Turtle Island]. \n \nAudience\n00:07:45\nApplause. \n \nGary Snyder\n00:08:01\nI want to read one little poem that kind of, that I just wrote on the plane the other day.  Flying in here yesterday I wrote this. And then we'll take a break. But this belongs, really, with these poems. \n \nGary Snyder\n00:08:15\nReads \"How did a great red-tailed Hawk come to lie on the shoulder of Interstate 5\" [published later in Turtle Island]. \n \nGary Snyder\n00:10:05\nOkay, let's take a break.  \n\nAudience\n00:10:07\nApplause.\n\nUnknown\n00:10:17\nAmbient Sound [voices].\n \nAudience Member 1\n00:10:29\nDo you remember getting tiny toys for your children from San Francisco [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62]? There was a small book that I saw in the States, folded out in a certain, section-by-section, parts of the earth kinda, growing larger and larger and larger...\n \nGary Snyder\n00:10:46\nI haven't seen it.\n \nAudience Member 1\n00:10:48\nNo, I guess...it's sort of, um, anti-war toys.\n \nGary Snyder\n00:10:51\nSounds nice. Yeah. Some place in San Francisco you can get it?\n \nAudience Member 1\n00:10:56\nUm, I don't know, it was from a certain, a certain group of people, and I don't remember their names. It was beautiful. Nice gift to give little kids.\n \nGary Snyder\n00:11:07\nI shall watch for it when I go there again. Thank you. \n \nAudience Member 1\n00:11:13\nOkay. You bet. [Inaudible]\n \nGary Snyder\n00:11:14\nOkay. [Laughter].\n \nAudience Member 2\n00:11:19\nMan you're incredible. You're so good. I really dig your stuff.\n \nGary Snyder\n00:11:26\n[Laughter]. Thank you.\n \nAudience Member 2\n00:11:26\nI really dig it, will you come for a drink with me later? With me and my friends?\n \nGary Snyder\n00:11:31\nI gotta go some place later.\n \nAudience Member 2\n00:11:33\nYou sure? \n \nGary Snyder\n00:11:34\nYeah. I mean, like I...they got something set up for me. \n \nAudience Member 2\n00:11:38\nI don't, I don't know, I really dig that, I really dig that [inaudible] I just came in, I thought your stuff was so incredible...Your stuff, the way you bring it across to people!\n \nGary Snyder\n00:11:51\nWell, that's what I try to do.\n \nAudience Member 2\n00:11:54\nHave you written a book?\n \nGary Snyder\n00:11:54\nI've written a lot of books. [Laughter].\n \nAudience Member 2\n00:11:58\nNo no no, no really, no really, I don't know too much about...Gary Snyder, you know?\n \nGary Snyder\n00:12:04\nWell, you'd probably find, I don't know, because I'm coming here, because of my being here now, they've probably got some of my books in the bookstore, if you want to go look. [Laughter].\n \nAudience Member 2\n00:12:13\nSee I'm writing this play right now, you know? I'm trying to express myself and it's really...it's really strange [Cut off abruptly].\n \nUnknown\n00:12:27\n[Cut or edit in tape. Unknown amount of time elapsed].\n \nGary Snyder\n00:12:28\nWell, there has been a great deal of opposition to nuclear energy, and nuclear power-generating stations, in the United States so effective in some areas that a lot of generating plants have been blocked or slowed down in their construction. And I think that the United States government is about to launch on an enormous effort to calm the public and to lull it into accepting massive developments of nuclear energy generating centres, fast-breeder and later, perhaps, fusion. Now I myself would have no objection to such a thing if I could be convinced that it was safe, both in the long term and the short term, and although it might be conceivably safe in the short term, I can see no way in which it would be safe in the long run, because nuclear wastes accumulated over, say, several centuries, as they might be, or more, in increasing quantities around the globe, are going to out eventually, and even though you can say, well, we're putting it off for five hundred thousand years, five hundred thousand years is not a very long time.  And if we are feeding a wasteful, industrial, technological, consumer society for a few more centuries, buying it a few more centuries of life, at the expense of all future biological health on the planet, it's obviously not worth it. The Amchitka test, which is possibly interested in such things as what uses very large explosions would have in releasing oil from oil-bearing shale or something like that, I think the U.S. administration is going ahead with this test in the face of all this criticism, deliberately, as a deliberate and very intelligent gamble. The chances are that nothing will happen. When nothing happens, then they will be able to say, \"All you people were hysterical. You see?  Nothing happened\".  And that will buy them a lot of time and a lot of credibility to proceed strongly and forcibly with more nuclear testing and more nuclear power generation development. And the conservationists, perhaps, have in a way, played into their hands, by making such a big issue out of it, so that they will be left holding an empty bag if nothing happens. If something does happen, then the administration can say, \"You're right, we were wrong\", and Nixon [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9588] perhaps forfeits the next election. That's all. Okay. \n \nGary Snyder\n00:15:25.61\n\"Mountains and Rivers Without End\" is a poem that I've been working on, it's a long poem, a long series of interconnected long poems that I've been working on for some years. I'm going to read several sections from that tonight. Including one or two that are very recent, in fact these are all pretty recent. \"Mountains and Rivers without End\". The title of the poem comes from a Yuan Dynasty [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313] Chinese scroll, that unfolds sideways and is thirty-five feet long. By way of introduction, a little poem called \"The Rabbit\". There are many sections to this, I'm only going to read [counts under breath.]..six tonight.\n \nGary Snyder\n00:16:27\nReads \"The Rabbit\" [published later in Mountains and Rivers Without End].\n \nGary Snyder\n00:18:04\n\"The California Water Plan\". The state of California at the moment is engaged in a large, incredibly wasteful, incredibly stupid, illegal, even by their own terms, water plan project, which if they're lucky, will salinate the Sacramento Valley [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1686914] and make agriculture permanently impossible. I was up in the Minarets [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412852] in the Sierra last summer, thinking about the California Water Plan [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28228216], and I perceived something of what the true California Water Plan was. So I wrote this down. It refers to an obscure little Buddhist god called Fudo, or Achala [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337624], who is my particular guardian, my personal guardian and my personal teacher, and, so I use, I refer to him, in several poems. The other two poems in which I refer to him actually are a piece called \"Smokey the Bear Sutra\", and another piece called \"Spell Against Demons\". This is the final, actually, this is the third and final poem in the trilogy of Fudo poems. Also. But you'll find all about Fudo in this poem, it'll drive you crazy.    \n \nGary Snyder\n00:19:48\nReads \"The California Water Plan\" [later published in The Fudo Trilogy].\n \nGary Snyder\n00:25:34\n\"Kumarajiva's Mother\". Now, the rest of these poems that I'm going to read this evening are cutting back and forth between ancient India [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668] and ancient North America. I--living as I do and where I have lived all my life, we face the Pacific [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98]. And, the American Indian came from Asia [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48], or vice versa, the Asians came from North America. I mean I know a Shoshone who says that. He says, \"We've always been here, those Asians came from here\". [Laughter].  \"What do you mean we came from someplace else, that's some white anthropologist theory\". [Laughter]. \"Kumarajiva's Mother.\" Kumarajiva [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335293] was a great Buddhist monk-scholar-translator, who was kidnapped by the Chinese from Central Asia, by force, and carried off to China [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148] where he was made to translate Sanskrit Buddhist texts into Chinese, and he stayed there the rest of his life, with a crew of about eighty Chinese assistants, day and night, translating sutras. He did a lot of translation. He also got in trouble, because he liked girls, and on one occasion, because he actually had mistresses apparently, he ate a bowl of needles, like you sew with needles, in front of an assembly of all the monks and assistants in Peking [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q956], or no it wasn't Peking in those days, it was Chang'an [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501000], all of the monks and assistants in the capital, Chang'an, and then he said, \"When you boys can eat needles, you can have girlfriends too\". [Audience laughter]. But this poem is about his mother. [Audience laughter]. And I really, I mean I could explain to you why I wrote this poem but it isn't really worth explaining, I'll just read it. It has to do partly with the fact that my mother has freckles. And I was trying to figure out at this time, when I wrote this, I was trying to figure out whatever happened to women in Buddhism? Like something happened to 'em. They got lost. For a long time, anyway.\n \nGary Snyder\n00:28:22\nReads \"Kumarajiva's Mother\".\n \nEND\n00:30:59\n\n\ngary_snyder_i006-11-106-4.mp3 [File 4 of 4]\n \nGary Snyder\n00:00:00\n...alone in the 8th century, and studied at an enormous Buddhist, Mahayana university called Nalanda [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216243], for fifteen years, and then walked back to China, with a fraying pack full of books, which he translated for the next twenty years after he got back to China. He brought the school of Buddhism, which is called the school of Mind Only, and the school of Emptiness. That's one aspect of this next poem. Another aspect is a little petroglyph, American Indian petroglyph figure, called the hump-backed flute player, a little stick figure playing the flute, with a pack on his back, walking. He was found pecked on the rocks from Sonora [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46422], Mexico [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96] up into the Great Basin, and about which almost nothing is known. The Ghost Dance, which was a Messianic Indian religion, started by a Paiute named Wovoka https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558420], which asserted that perhaps by magic the white man could be swept away from North America and the game would return.  And finally, the oldest living beings are the bristle-coned pine, who live in the White Mountains [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1556007], at an elevation of nine thousand feet in eastern California, the oldest of which is something like four thousand five hundred years old. So this poem is called \"The Humpbacked Flute Player\".\n \nGary Snyder\n00:01:59\nReads \"The Humpbacked Flute Player\" from Coyote’s Journal #9 [and published later in Mountains and Rivers Without End]. \n \nGary Snyder\n00:08:36\nI'm going to finish with one more poem called \"Down\". These poems are not in the order that they're going to be, but they're in a convenient order for the moment.\n \nGary Snyder\n00:09:05\nReads \"Down\".\n \nAudience\n00:11:48\nApplause.\n \nRichard (Dick) Sommer\n00:12:18\nI can't thank you for that. I don't know any way. Charles Simic [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722555] will be reading on November 19th. Thank you. \n\nAudience\n00:12:40 \nApplause.\n\nEND\n00:12:45\n"],"Note":["[{\"note\":\"Year-Specific Information:\\n\\nIn 1971, Gary Snyder published The back country (New Directions Press) and First time round (Roaring Fork Press), the first edition of Manzanita (Kent State University), Swimming naked in the Yuba River (Maidu Press), Anasazi (Yes! Press), Regarding Wave: Poems (Fulcrum Press) contributed to Sky, sea, birds, trees, earth, house, beasts, flowers (Unicorn Press) with Kenneth Rexroth, to Coyote’s journal: #9 (Book People) with Albert Glover, James Coller and Allen Ginsberg, and to Six poems/seven prints (Kent State University) with Alex Gildzen, John Ashbery, James Bertolino, Gwendolyn Brooks, Denise Levertov and Steven Osterlund.\",\"type\":\"General\"},{\"note\":\"Local Connections:\\n\\nIt is not clear what Gary Snyder’s connection to Sir George Williams University or Montreal was, but he no doubt had an influential role in the shaping of American poetry, specifically in the San Francisco Renaissance and the Beat movement. The series tried to include poets from all types of poetry backgrounds and from both Canada and the U.S.; Snyder was an important American poet at this time.\",\"type\":\"General\"},{\"note\":\"Original transcript and print catalogue by Rachel Kyne\\n\\nOriginal print catalogue, introduction, research and edits by Celyn Harding-Jones\\n\\nAdditional research and edits by Ali Barillaro\\n\",\"type\":\"Cataloguer\"},{\"note\":\"4 reel-to-reel tapes>2 CDs>4 digital files\",\"type\":\"Preservation\"}]"],"Related_works":["[{\"url\":\"https://montreal.spokenweb.ca/sgw-poetry-readings/gary-snyder-at-sgwu-1971/#1\",\"citation\":\"Boxer, Avi; Bryan McCarthy and Graham Seal. “Letters: re: Reverend Richard J. Sommer”. The Georgian. Montreal: Sir George Williams University, 12 November 1971, page 4. \"},{\"url\":\"https://montreal.spokenweb.ca/sgw-poetry-readings/gary-snyder-at-sgwu-1971/#1\",\"citation\":\"Boxer, Avi; Bryan McCarthy and Graham Seal. “Letters: Get Your Shit Together...”. The Georgian. Montreal: Sir George Williams University, 19 November 1971, page 4. \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/oxford-encyclopedia-of-american-literature/oclc/769478515&referer=brief_results\",\"citation\":\"DiFranco, Aaron K. \\\"Snyder, Gary\\\". The Oxford Encyclopedia of American Literature. Jay Parini (ed). Oxford University Press, 2004. \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/oxford-companion-to-twentieth-century-poetry-in-english/oclc/807465072&referer=brief_results\",\"citation\":\"Maxwell, Glyn. \\\"Snyder, Gary\\\". The Oxford Companion to Twentieth-Century Poetry in English. Ian Hamilton (ed). Oxford University Press, 1996. \"},{\"url\":\"https://montreal.spokenweb.ca/sgw-poetry-readings/gary-snyder-at-sgwu-1971/#1\",\"citation\":\"Morrissey, Stephen. “Letters: Inexcusable Ignorance”. The Georgian. Montreal: Sir George Williams University, 26 November 1971, page 4. \"},{\"url\":\"https://montreal.spokenweb.ca/sgw-poetry-readings/gary-snyder-at-sgwu-1971/#1\",\"citation\":\"Pearson, Allen. “Letters: The Second Coming?”. The Georgian. Montreal: Sir George Williams University, 12 November 1971, page 4. \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/fudo-trilogy/oclc/622284906&referer=brief_results\",\"citation\":\"Snyder, Gary. The Fudo Trilogy. Berkley, California: Shaman Drum, 1973. \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6925688\",\"citation\":\"Snyder, Gary. Mountains and Rivers Without End. Washington, D.C.: Counterpoint Press, 1996. \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/regarding-wave-gary-snyder/oclc/463402884&referer=brief_results\",\"citation\":\"Snyder, Gary. Regarding Wave. New York: New Directions Press, 1967. \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/six-sections-from-mountains-and-rivers-without-end/oclc/295205&referer=brief_results\",\"citation\":\"Snyder, Gary. Six Sections from Mountains and Rivers Without End. San Francisco: Four Seasons Press, 1965. \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/concise-oxford-companion-to-american-literature/oclc/1146399202&referer=brief_results\",\"citation\":\"\\\"Snyder, Gary\\\". The Concise Oxford Companion to American Literature. James D. Hart (ed). Oxford University Press, 1986. \"},{\"url\":\"https://www.worldcat.org/title/oxford-companion-to-american-literature/oclc/54356940&referer=brief_results\",\"citation\":\"\\\"Snyder, Gary [Sherman]\\\". The Oxford Companion to American Literature. James D. Hart (ed.), Phillip W. Leininger (rev). Oxford University Press, 1995. \"},{\"url\":\"\",\"citation\":\"Snyder, Gary. Turtle Island. 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Back\",\"credit\":\"Drew Bernet\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"Photograph\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"\"},{\"file_url\":\"https://montreal.spokenweb.ca/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/I0006_11_0106-4_side.jpg\",\"file_path\":\"\",\"filename\":\"I0006_11_0106-4_side.jpg\",\"channel_field\":\"\",\"sample_rate\":\"\",\"duration\":\"\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"\",\"bitrate\":\"\",\"encoding\":\"\",\"contents\":\"\",\"notes\":\"https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1-0cAe1GF8xZsc62jpUDXwgvyCd6ZmvSw\",\"title\":\"Gary Snyder Tape Box 4 - Spine\",\"credit\":\"Drew Bernet\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"Photograph\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"\"},{\"file_url\":\"https://files.spokenweb.ca/concordia/sgw/audio/all_mp3/gary_snyder_i006-11-106-1.mp3\",\"file_path\":\"files.spokenweb.ca>concordia>sgw>audio>all_mp3\",\"filename\":\"gary_snyder_i006-11-106-1.mp3\",\"channel_field\":\"\",\"sample_rate\":\"\",\"duration\":\"00:26:55\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"64.6 MB\",\"bitrate\":\"\",\"encoding\":\"\",\"contents\":\"gary_snyder_i006-11-106-1.mp3 [File 1 of 4]\\n\\nRichard (Dick) Sommer\\n00:00:00\\nProbably some of us are here in order to look at or touch the Gary Snyder [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q315963] who actually went and did all those semi-mythological things, who has climbed mountains and traveled in India with Allen Ginsberg [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6711], who provided Kerouac [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160534] with a book character, who has lived in or on the edges of several different kinds of wilderness, who has lived in the precincts of Japanese Buddhist monasteries, who has fought, I think has fought hard, to keep other cultures than ours, and other kinds of life than human life, from obliteration. And who has written poems out of the consciousness of these things. For myself, Gary Snyder hasn't made poems so much as he has provided me with windows made out of words. These are windows that have had a way of, themselves disappearing, leaving me usually standing where I think I want to be, out in the open world. So, I came here, I've come here, to meet whoever it is that makes so many good windows. I'll let you discover for yourselves how much this window-maker is what a windowmaker should be, himself, just open and clear. I'd like to present Gary Snyder.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:02:58\\nI forgot one more thing I wanted to have out here. Good evening. I'm going to read in two sets this evening, with a little intermission. And first of all, I'm not going to read any poems tonight from my published books, because those poems are available and what is interesting to me is always what I'm doing, where I'm moving. So I'm going to read from a cycle of short poems, moderately short poems, which I call \\\"Charms\\\", and\\nthen there'll be a break, and then I'm going to read recent sections that I've been working on from a long poem in progress called \\\"Mountains and Rivers Without End\\\". I came back to the United States [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30] from Japan [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17] with my wife and children about three years ago now, and went as rapidly as possible to settle in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26777], on the north slope of the south fork of the Yuba river [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181973] at three-thousand foot elevation. And I've been living there for almost two years now. I'm saying this by way of introduction to this first cycle of poems called \\\"Charms\\\". I was brought up on a farm, and all of my ancestors that I know of, for the last few generations on both sides, were rural people, or miners, miners in Colorado [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261], Leadville [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q286702], places like that. And it amazes me in a mysterious way how to get back to doing what my father was doing when I was a little boy, and what, and which I remember as a little boy, and to get back to doing what my grandfather was doing, which is to say--again, looking at the fences, looking at the stumps, looking at the house, looking at the well, looking at the spring and saying, how are we going to do it--touches me more deeply than I can possibly explain. And at the same time, being confronted again with these choices, which are the choices of the American frontier, and also the choices of medieval Europeans, and neolithic Mediterranean people, and neolithic Japanese people, and neolithic Chinese people. With what I've come to understand, a little more now, about history, anthropology, and biology, I feel an extraordinary responsibility to understand why I make the choices I make, in such matters as, where does one break the ground and locate a garden, or which trees does one select to fall. In other words, I find myself again in that position of entering virgin land, and this time, I want to understand, in the process of making my own choices, I want to understand why we did it wrong, every time before, and hope to get some insights in how one goes about doing it right, this time. In moving toward that understanding, in making the choices that I have to make, about how we are going to live, in the semi-wilderness and true wilderness of the Sierra Nevada, my teachers have to be scientific foresters, biologists and ecologists on the one hand, and the American Indians on the other. There are no other teachers available for these choices.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:08:02\\nAnd so these poems, in the cycle called \\\"Charms\\\", reflect those debts and reflect the search for that knowledge, insofar as I've gotten into it up to this point. It starts with a little chant, called \\\"Grace for Love\\\". Before we...grace, in the sense of the grace that we say before meals. Which is, grace is gratitude, an expression of gratitude for a meal. And the gratitude that we say at my rancheria is a kind of a rough translation from a Japanese Buddhist grace which goes like this in English: \\\"We venerate the three treasures and are thankful for this meal, the work of other people, and the suffering of other forms of life.\\\" The need for grace, for love, is something I became aware of when I realized that there was a level of validity in the Catholic Church's objection to contraceptive devices, insofar as love, like food, is a sacrament, and that there is level in which the act of love should inevitably be connected with the consciousness of its role in moving the seed, in transmitting the energy of the knowledge of the biomass, as transmitted down through time. But I felt that the church is far too simple-minded in assuming that the energy aroused in the sacrament of love, in the direction of fertility, has to mean literally that the people who are acting that sacrament out have to necessarily procreate their own kind. And so we came to this, I and several other people, came to this, as what primitive people would call the transferral of merit, or species-increase ritual. In other words, we make love with gratitude to other beings, and wish to transfer our fertility from the human race to the vanishing species.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:11:09\\nPerforms \\\"Grace for Love\\\".\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:14:20\\nReads \\\"A Curse on the Man In the Pentagon, Washington\\\".\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:16:37\\nThat's from a Cheyenne ghost dance song, that little last chorus.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:16:43\\nReads \\\"I went into the Maverick Bar\\\" [published later  in Turtle Island].\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:18:25\\nThe Navajo word \\\"Anasazi\\\" means \\\"the ancient ones.\\\" It's the name that the Navajo gave to the people who lived in the canyons and cliffs of Chaco Canyon [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49786970] and Canyon De Chelly [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41679118] and Mesa Verde [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821095] and many other sites. Probably the people were the ancestors of the present Pueblo people, living there probably up until the twelfth century, till the great drought of the thirteenth century. The people who more than any others, to judge from what the Pueblo people are still able to transmit today, the people who more than any others have achieved what could truly be called \\\"civilization\\\" on this continent, and whose lore embodies perhaps two millennia of deep experience. I wrote this at Canyon De Chelly.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:19:52\\nReads “Anasazi” [published later in Turtle Island].\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:21:11\\nThe Canyon De Chelly, which will come up in another poem I'm going to read later today, and in fact, all over the West, all over the Great Basin [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q966943], and in other parts of North America [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49] too, notably on the granite outcroppings on th]e northern shores of Lake Superior [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1066], for example, are designs pecked into the rocks, petroglyphs. Anthropologists, Americanists, whatever you call 'em, haven't had much time to study those petroglyphs yet, because they've been engaged through all the years of this century in a hasty, half-successful salvage operation. Salvaging the remnants of this or that dying culture, recording and taping the last words of a dying language, and they've had no time to give to studying these older things that they know are there, such as the petroglyphs. But the petroglyphs have a repeated vocabulary of motifs which are found in patterns distributed all over North America, and particularly in the West. One of the most widespread is a hand, that someone has put on a cliff or a boulder face, apparently outlined, and then filled it in with red, hematite, or a red hand. That red hand often is lacking a finger, or lacking a finger-joint. This would not be notable in itself if it weren't that in the caves of southern France [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q142] and northern Spain [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29], there are dated, back as far as 40,000 years, the same red hands, with missing fingers and missing finger-joints are found. This is only one of a number of things which are found all the way. And so this next poem, \\\"The Way West Underground\\\", is one of a number of poems, and this is perhaps the most intellectual of them, in which I'm trying to trace out how you get back to make the line of connection between what I know the American knows, what I am beginning to know the American Indian knew, and what I am beginning to know our prehistoric ancestors knew, which was not a different knowledge. And the question of why our prehistoric ancestors lost it is another question. Actually the main impetus of this poem deals with the bears, because there's an international mystery religion called the Bear Cult, that runs all the way from Finland [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33] to Utah [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q829], across Siberia [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428], and it shares the mysterious central theme, which is a girl who marries a bear. I've written several poems about that girl. And about the bears. And so this is coming in on that from another angle.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:25:12\\nReads \\\"The Way West Underground\\\" [published later in Turtle Island].\\n\\nEND\\n00:26:55\\n\",\"notes\":\"Gary Snyder reads poems later collected in Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974), originally published in a limited edition book called Manzanita (Four Seasons Press, 1972). He also reads one poem from Regarding Wave (Fulcrum Press, 1971), one poem from Coyote’s Journal #9 (1971), one poem from The Fudo Trilogy (Shaman Drum, 1973), and several from Mountains and Rivers Without End (Counterpoint) only published in 1997, as well as other poems from unknown sources. \\n\\nI006-11-106=AC.1\\n00:17- Introducer (Perhaps Richard Sommer) introduces Gary Snyder. [INDEX: semi mythological things, climbed mountains and traveled to India with Allen Ginsberg, Jack\\nKerouac’s book character, wilderness, living in precincts of Japanese Buddhist\\nmonasteries, keeping cultures from obliteration, poems out of the consciousness,\\nwindows, open world, window-maker].\\n02:58- Gary Snyder introduces the reading, and poetry cycle “Charms” and long poem\\n“Mountains and Rivers Without End”. [INDEX: reading in two sets, all poems read\\nare unpublished, long poem in-progress “Mountains and Rivers Without End”, returning\\nfrom Japan to the U.S. three years prior, wife and children, settling in the foothills of the\\nSierra Nevada, north slope of the south fork of the Yuba river, three-thousand foot\\nelevation, origins on a farm, miners in Leadville, Colorado, how to get back to father’s\\noccupation, childhood, grandfather, fences, as a child in nature, spring (river), American\\nfrontier, medieval Europeans, neolithic Mediterranean people, neolithic Japanese people, neolithic Chinese people, history, anthropology, biology, responsibility of humans’ place on earth, choices we make in terms of nature, scientific foresters, ecologists, American Indians (as teachers)].\\n08:02- Introduces poetry cycle “Charms”, and “Grace for Love”. [INDEX: debts, search for knowledge, grace (gratitude for meal), rancheria, Japanese Buddhist grace, love, level of validity in the Catholic Church’s objection to contraception, food, sacrament, act of love, transference of ‘seed’ or knowledge, transferral of merit, species-increase ritual; from unknown source].\\n11:09- Chants “Grace for Love”.\\n14:20- Reads “A Curse on the Man in the Pentagon, Washington”. [INDEX: from unknown source].\\n16:37- Explains last chorus of “A Curse on the Man in the Pentagon, Washington”.\\n16:43- Reads “I went into the Maverick Bar”. [INDEX: from Turtle Island].\\n18:25- Introduces “Anasazi”. [INDEX: means ‘ancient ones’ in Navajo, name of people living in Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde and Canyon de Chelly, ancestors of present Pueblo people, 12th century, the great drought of the 13th century, civilization, two millennia of ‘deep experience’, written at Canyon de Chelly; from Turtle Island]\\n19:52- Reads “Anasazi”.\\n21:11- Introduces “The Way West Underground”. [INDEX: Canyon de Chelly, West and Great Basin, granite outcroppings of the northern shores of Lake Superior, petroglyphs,\\nAnthropologists, salvaging remnants of dying cultures, vocabulary of motifs, hand\\npetroglyph, caves of southern France and northern Spain, 40,000 years ago, intellectual\\npoem, tracing out lines of connections between Americans, American Indians, prehistoric ancestors, main impetus of the poem is an international mystery religion called the Bear Cult, runs from Finland to Utah, Siberia, central theme: girl who marries a bear; from Turtle Island].\\n25:12- Reads “The Way West Underground”.\\n26:55- Interjects comment about poem. [INDEX: Finnish men singing folk songs].\\n[*note: cut or edit made in transcript, time elapsed unknown*]\\n29:16- Snyder is talking (not sure if it’s about the poem). [INDEX: observation, plants, seeds, birds, small members of food chain, ocean, exuberance of sexuality, reproductive organs of grasses, wheat, rice, herring, cod, millions of eggs, food chain of the ocean].\\n30:11- Reads “The Song of the Taste”. [INDEX: from Regarding Wave].\\n31:46- Introduces “Song for the Raw Material”. [INDEX: food, natural vs. supermarket foods, vegetarian vs. carnivore, being part of the food chain, being eaten by a bear, biological ignorance of society, basic systems, chemicals, Tibetans and Parsis, Herodotus, Maghi in Persia, feeding dead to the vultures, Eskimo shaman quote].\\n35:07- Reads “Song of the Raw Material”. [INDEX: perhaps “Song to the Raw Material”,\\nunknown source].\\n36:07- Reads “Steak”. [INDEX: from Turtle Island].\\n37:48- Introduces “No matter, never mind”. [INDEX: Lethbridge, Alberta, creation mythology of Japan (koji-ki); from Turtle Island].\\n38:23- Reads “No matter, never mind”.\\n39:19- Introduces “The Bath”. [INDEX: no electricity (wood heating), Finnish sauna, poem as a sauna, Michigan, personae in the poem are his wife, three sons; from Turtle Island].\\n40:55- Reads “The Bath”.\\n46:26- Introduces “Front Lines”. [INDEX: evading the struggle; from Turtle Island].\\n46:54- Reads “Front Lines”.\\n48:31- Explains parts of “Front Lines”, introduces “Control Burn”. [INDEX: wilderness,\\nCalifornia ‘Indians’, control burns, forest fires in California, logging, mining, Manzanita\\nbrush, flora changing; from Turtle Island].\\n50:55- Reads “Control Burn”.\\n52:32- Reads “The Great Mother”. [INDEX: from Turtle Island].\\n\\nFIRST CD (I006-11-106=AC.1)\\nPoem Read:\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tTime Stamp\\tDuration (mins):\\n\\n“Grace for Love”  \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:11:09   \\t03:10\\n“A Curse on the Man in the Pentagon…” \\t00:14:20        02:17\\n“I went into the Maverick Bar…”  \\t\\t\\t00:16:23        01:42\\n“Anasazi”  \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:19:52        02:17\\n“The Way West Underground”  \\t\\t\\t00:25:12        04:01\\n“The Song of the Taste”  \\t\\t\\t\\t00:30:11        01:35\\n“Song for the Raw Material”  \\t\\t\\t00:35:07        00:58\\n“Steak”  \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:36:07        01:41\\n“No Matter, Never Mind”   \\t\\t\\t\\t00:38:23        00:46\\n“The Bath” \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:40:55        05:29\\n“Front Lines” \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:46:54        01:36\\n“Control Burn” \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:50:55        01:37\\n“The Great Mother”  \\t\\t\\t\\t00:52:32        00:42\",\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"Sound Recording\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"https://montreal.spokenweb.ca/sgw-poetry-readings/gary-snyder-at-sgwu-1971/#1\"},{\"file_url\":\"https://files.spokenweb.ca/concordia/sgw/audio/all_mp3/gary_snyder_i006-11-106-2.mp3\",\"file_path\":\"files.spokenweb.ca>concordia>sgw>audio>all_mp3\",\"filename\":\"gary_snyder_i006-11-106-2.mp3\",\"channel_field\":\"\",\"sample_rate\":\"\",\"duration\":\"00:26:55\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"63.2 MB\",\"bitrate\":\"\",\"encoding\":\"\",\"contents\":\"gary_snyder_i006-11-106-2.mp3 [File 2 of 4]\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:00:00\\n--which is a way Finnish men sing folk songs together.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:00:05\\nResumes reading of \\\"The Way West Underground\\\".\\n\\nUnknown\\n00:02:20\\n[Cut or edit made in tape].\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:02:21\\nSo I had to trace back again in my mind, with my eyes, with my observation: of course, the plants produce seeds, the birds feed on the seeds, and so forth. Small members of the food chain. The ocean is similar but in a different set of relationships. We live on an exuberance of sexuality. We eat the reproductive organs of grasses: wheat, rice. Because herring or cod have millions of eggs that hatch into millions of almost-microscopic fry, the food chains of the ocean are made possible.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:03:16 \\nReads \\\"The Song of the Taste\\\" from Regarding Wave.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:04:51\\nI read that because it goes so nicely with this other poem, called \\\"Song to the Raw Material\\\". I really think a lot about these things these days because I've put myself deliberately in the position of having to know where my food comes from, and it's no longer a question of, like do I eat natural foods or supermarket foods, or do I eat meat or am I a vegetarian, it's more sophisticated than that, it's a lot more subtle than that. Like literally, where did it come from. And by what means can I have a sense of responsibility and gratitude to what it is that I'm eating and in what sense can I repay that world, whichever world it is, that I am feeding off of. Well of course one way you can repay it is by being a willing, and gracious, member of the food chain yourself. Now we are rather large animals, which means that we are rather high in the food chain. But nonetheless, quite edible. And it would be a great honour, really, to be eaten by a large, rare predator, and I can't think of any way I'd rather finish my days than to give myself to a grizzly bear, if I could, you know, choose when. [Laughter]. Like get all my affairs in order first. I'm not ready yet! Or at least, go back, as large creatures often do, go back into the cycle of feeding smaller creatures. But you can see the basic biological ignorance of this society, the ignorance of what systems really are, what basic systems are, and what our responsibilities to our membership in basic systems is, by the fact that they either burn people up or they fill them full of chemicals which make them not tasty, and lock them in bronze caskets, and so forth. The only people in the world who are righteous about this particular question seem to be the Tibetans and the Parsis, I mean, really righteous about it. The Tibetans and the Parsis have an old tradition, which is mentioned, it's so old that it's mentioned by Herodotus [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11925546], in talking about a group of people called the Magi, in Persia [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q794], that is to say they expose their dead in elevated places and feed them to the vultures. That's one very elegant way, actually, to deal with it. The Eskimo, an Eskimo shaman whose name I forget, is reputed to have said, \\\"We live dangerous lives, because our food consists entirely of souls\\\". “Song to the Raw Material”.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:08:12\\nReads \\\"Song of the Raw Material\\\".\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:09:12\\nReads \\\"Steak\\\" [published later in Turtle Island; audience laughter and applause throughout].\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:10:53\\nI saw that in Lethbridge [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270887], Alberta [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1951]. [Audience laughter]. The creation mythology of Japan, called the kojiki, is very long, and very complicated. I tried to boil it down to some kind of a formula I could understand, at least boil down the first hundred pages of it, so I wrote this--it's about how the world is created according to the Japanese creation mythology. I think. I think that's what it is.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:11:28\\nReads \\\"No matter, never mind\\\" [published later in Turtle Island].\\n\\nAudience\\n00:12:14\\nLaughter and applause.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:12:24\\nIt's funny how the language is smarter than we are, [audience laughter] yeah. Like we can get hung up on mind/matter dualism, but the language won't accept it. It says the same thing two ways. \\\"The Bath\\\". Where we live we don't have any electricity or propane, and so we do everything with wood, including heating our bath, which we found the best wood-fired bathing system was a Finnish-type sauna, and...so this poem, you know just to set the scene, it's a somewhat longer poem, this poem is a sauna, with a wood-burning stove that also heats a tank of water on the side, and with a bench that you sit up on and a lower place that you can get down on and wash with. You can get these wood-fired sauna-stoves from some Finnish outfit in Michigan [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1166]. The only place in the United States that I have been able to locate that makes sauna stoves that fire wood. I highly recommend them. The personae in this are my wife, my three-year old son, my three-and a-half year old son, my two-year-old son.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:14:00\\nReads \\\"The Bath\\\" [published later in Turtle Island].\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:19:31\\nSome friends said to us, when we moved up to the backcountry, ah, you're just getting away from your responsibilities. You're evading the struggle. So I wrote this little poem as a, kind of a light answer to that. It's called \\\"Front Lines\\\".\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:19:59\\nReads \\\"Front Lines\\\" [published later in Turtle Island].\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:21:36\\nThat poem is not an exaggeration of what we're doing. We are, like, where I am and a number of other people I know around this continent, have their backs up against the wilderness, so to speak, and they're not going to let this thing go past them. If they can help it, or as you say, over my dead body. The California Indians used to set control burns, as distinct from wildfires, forestry terms, which contributed to the maintenance of what you might call a climax timber stand, keeping the undergrowth burnt out, keeping an annual deer-forage coming in, and protecting the large timber, as it were, from destructive forest fires, because whenever a forest fire--which is very common in California [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q99], it's an annual event--whenever forest fires go through, went through the forests when they were in that condition, it simply went through taking the ground cover off, but couldn't get hot enough or high enough to kill the large trees. With the advent of logging, mining, and the Manzanita brush that follows on that, the whole flora of California changed radically. All of the flora of California changed. What happened was that the woods got very brushy, and then the early forestry practices which were, of course, to put forest fires out whenever they came on them, in some ways contributed to the increasingly dangerous situation of dense brush, logging slash laying around, second-growth trees not really very large yet, and a situation where every brush fire that went through killed absolutely everything grew up. And that's the state of the state now, to a large extent, although there are some hip foresters now who are back into control burns as best as they can. This poem is called \\\"Control Burn\\\" and it only starts from what I'm just talking about, taking that as an image.\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:24:00\\nReads \\\"Control Burn\\\" [published later in Turtle Island].\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:25:37\\nReads \\\"The Great Mother\\\" [published later in Turtle Island].\\n\\nEND\\n00:26:55\\n\",\"notes\":\"Gary Snyder reads poems later collected in Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974), originally published in a limited edition book called Manzanita (Four Seasons Press, 1972). He also reads one poem from Regarding Wave (Fulcrum Press, 1971), one poem from Coyote’s Journal #9 (1971), one poem from The Fudo Trilogy (Shaman Drum, 1973), and several from Mountains and Rivers Without End (Counterpoint) only published in 1997, as well as other poems from unknown sources. \\n\\nI006-11-106=AC.1\\n00:17- Introducer (Perhaps Richard Sommer) introduces Gary Snyder. [INDEX: semi mythological things, climbed mountains and traveled to India with Allen Ginsberg, Jack\\nKerouac’s book character, wilderness, living in precincts of Japanese Buddhist\\nmonasteries, keeping cultures from obliteration, poems out of the consciousness,\\nwindows, open world, window-maker].\\n02:58- Gary Snyder introduces the reading, and poetry cycle “Charms” and long poem\\n“Mountains and Rivers Without End”. [INDEX: reading in two sets, all poems read\\nare unpublished, long poem in-progress “Mountains and Rivers Without End”, returning\\nfrom Japan to the U.S. three years prior, wife and children, settling in the foothills of the\\nSierra Nevada, north slope of the south fork of the Yuba river, three-thousand foot\\nelevation, origins on a farm, miners in Leadville, Colorado, how to get back to father’s\\noccupation, childhood, grandfather, fences, as a child in nature, spring (river), American\\nfrontier, medieval Europeans, neolithic Mediterranean people, neolithic Japanese people, neolithic Chinese people, history, anthropology, biology, responsibility of humans’ place on earth, choices we make in terms of nature, scientific foresters, ecologists, American Indians (as teachers)].\\n08:02- Introduces poetry cycle “Charms”, and “Grace for Love”. [INDEX: debts, search for knowledge, grace (gratitude for meal), rancheria, Japanese Buddhist grace, love, level of validity in the Catholic Church’s objection to contraception, food, sacrament, act of love, transference of ‘seed’ or knowledge, transferral of merit, species-increase ritual; from unknown source].\\n11:09- Chants “Grace for Love”.\\n14:20- Reads “A Curse on the Man in the Pentagon, Washington”. [INDEX: from unknown source].\\n16:37- Explains last chorus of “A Curse on the Man in the Pentagon, Washington”.\\n16:43- Reads “I went into the Maverick Bar”. [INDEX: from Turtle Island].\\n18:25- Introduces “Anasazi”. [INDEX: means ‘ancient ones’ in Navajo, name of people living in Chaco Canyon, Mesa Verde and Canyon de Chelly, ancestors of present Pueblo people, 12th century, the great drought of the 13th century, civilization, two millennia of ‘deep experience’, written at Canyon de Chelly; from Turtle Island]\\n19:52- Reads “Anasazi”.\\n21:11- Introduces “The Way West Underground”. [INDEX: Canyon de Chelly, West and Great Basin, granite outcroppings of the northern shores of Lake Superior, petroglyphs,\\nAnthropologists, salvaging remnants of dying cultures, vocabulary of motifs, hand\\npetroglyph, caves of southern France and northern Spain, 40,000 years ago, intellectual\\npoem, tracing out lines of connections between Americans, American Indians, prehistoric ancestors, main impetus of the poem is an international mystery religion called the Bear Cult, runs from Finland to Utah, Siberia, central theme: girl who marries a bear; from Turtle Island].\\n25:12- Reads “The Way West Underground”.\\n26:55- Interjects comment about poem. [INDEX: Finnish men singing folk songs].\\n[*note: cut or edit made in transcript, time elapsed unknown*]\\n29:16- Snyder is talking (not sure if it’s about the poem). [INDEX: observation, plants, seeds, birds, small members of food chain, ocean, exuberance of sexuality, reproductive organs of grasses, wheat, rice, herring, cod, millions of eggs, food chain of the ocean].\\n30:11- Reads “The Song of the Taste”. [INDEX: from Regarding Wave].\\n31:46- Introduces “Song for the Raw Material”. [INDEX: food, natural vs. supermarket foods, vegetarian vs. carnivore, being part of the food chain, being eaten by a bear, biological ignorance of society, basic systems, chemicals, Tibetans and Parsis, Herodotus, Maghi in Persia, feeding dead to the vultures, Eskimo shaman quote].\\n35:07- Reads “Song of the Raw Material”. [INDEX: perhaps “Song to the Raw Material”,\\nunknown source].\\n36:07- Reads “Steak”. [INDEX: from Turtle Island].\\n37:48- Introduces “No matter, never mind”. [INDEX: Lethbridge, Alberta, creation mythology of Japan (koji-ki); from Turtle Island].\\n38:23- Reads “No matter, never mind”.\\n39:19- Introduces “The Bath”. [INDEX: no electricity (wood heating), Finnish sauna, poem as a sauna, Michigan, personae in the poem are his wife, three sons; from Turtle Island].\\n40:55- Reads “The Bath”.\\n46:26- Introduces “Front Lines”. [INDEX: evading the struggle; from Turtle Island].\\n46:54- Reads “Front Lines”.\\n48:31- Explains parts of “Front Lines”, introduces “Control Burn”. [INDEX: wilderness,\\nCalifornia ‘Indians’, control burns, forest fires in California, logging, mining, Manzanita\\nbrush, flora changing; from Turtle Island].\\n50:55- Reads “Control Burn”.\\n52:32- Reads “The Great Mother”. [INDEX: from Turtle Island].\\n\\nFIRST CD (I006-11-106=AC.1)\\nPoem Read:\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\tTime Stamp\\tDuration (mins):\\n\\n“Grace for Love”  \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:11:09   \\t03:10\\n“A Curse on the Man in the Pentagon…” \\t00:14:20        02:17\\n“I went into the Maverick Bar…”  \\t\\t\\t00:16:23        01:42\\n“Anasazi”  \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:19:52        02:17\\n“The Way West Underground”  \\t\\t\\t00:25:12        04:01\\n“The Song of the Taste”  \\t\\t\\t\\t00:30:11        01:35\\n“Song for the Raw Material”  \\t\\t\\t00:35:07        00:58\\n“Steak”  \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:36:07        01:41\\n“No Matter, Never Mind”   \\t\\t\\t\\t00:38:23        00:46\\n“The Bath” \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:40:55        05:29\\n“Front Lines” \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:46:54        01:36\\n“Control Burn” \\t\\t\\t\\t\\t00:50:55        01:37\\n“The Great Mother”  \\t\\t\\t\\t00:52:32        00:42\",\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"Sound Recording\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"https://montreal.spokenweb.ca/sgw-poetry-readings/gary-snyder-at-sgwu-1971/#2\"},{\"file_url\":\"https://files.spokenweb.ca/concordia/sgw/audio/all_mp3/gary_snyder_i006-11-106-3.mp3\",\"file_path\":\"files.spokenweb.ca>concordia>sgw>audio>all_mp3\",\"filename\":\"gary_snyder_i006-11-106-3.mp3\",\"channel_field\":\"\",\"sample_rate\":\"\",\"duration\":\"00:30:59\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"74.4 MB\",\"bitrate\":\"\",\"encoding\":\"\",\"contents\":\"gary_snyder_i006-11-106-3.mp3 [File 3 of 4]\\n\\nGary Snyder\\n00:00:00\\nEverything in this next poem is all true. Almost everything.\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:00:17\\nReads \\\"The Call of the Wild\\\", Part I [published later in Turtle Island]. \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:00:32\\nReads \\\"The Call of the Wild\\\", Part II [published later in Turtle Island]. \\n \\nAnnotation\\n00:01:52.06\\nReads \\\"The Call of the Wild,\\\" Part III [published later in Turtle Island]. \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:04:11\\nReads \\\"Source\\\" [published later in Turtle Island]. \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:05:40\\nIn the poem \\\"Charms\\\", which is dedicated to Michael McClure [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1390054], who has more than any other living poet, or person even that I know, has gone farther than anyone else, I think, into becoming one with, in understanding, in penetrating, in perceiving the consciousness of other beings.\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:06:15\\nReads \\\"Charms\\\" [published later in Turtle Island]. \\n \\nAudience\\n00:07:45\\nApplause. \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:08:01\\nI want to read one little poem that kind of, that I just wrote on the plane the other day.  Flying in here yesterday I wrote this. And then we'll take a break. But this belongs, really, with these poems. \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:08:15\\nReads \\\"How did a great red-tailed Hawk come to lie on the shoulder of Interstate 5\\\" [published later in Turtle Island]. \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:10:05\\nOkay, let's take a break.  \\n\\nAudience\\n00:10:07\\nApplause.\\n\\nUnknown\\n00:10:17\\nAmbient Sound [voices].\\n \\nAudience Member 1\\n00:10:29\\nDo you remember getting tiny toys for your children from San Francisco [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62]? There was a small book that I saw in the States, folded out in a certain, section-by-section, parts of the earth kinda, growing larger and larger and larger...\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:10:46\\nI haven't seen it.\\n \\nAudience Member 1\\n00:10:48\\nNo, I guess...it's sort of, um, anti-war toys.\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:10:51\\nSounds nice. Yeah. Some place in San Francisco you can get it?\\n \\nAudience Member 1\\n00:10:56\\nUm, I don't know, it was from a certain, a certain group of people, and I don't remember their names. It was beautiful. Nice gift to give little kids.\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:11:07\\nI shall watch for it when I go there again. Thank you. \\n \\nAudience Member 1\\n00:11:13\\nOkay. You bet. [Inaudible]\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:11:14\\nOkay. [Laughter].\\n \\nAudience Member 2\\n00:11:19\\nMan you're incredible. You're so good. I really dig your stuff.\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:11:26\\n[Laughter]. Thank you.\\n \\nAudience Member 2\\n00:11:26\\nI really dig it, will you come for a drink with me later? With me and my friends?\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:11:31\\nI gotta go some place later.\\n \\nAudience Member 2\\n00:11:33\\nYou sure? \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:11:34\\nYeah. I mean, like I...they got something set up for me. \\n \\nAudience Member 2\\n00:11:38\\nI don't, I don't know, I really dig that, I really dig that [inaudible] I just came in, I thought your stuff was so incredible...Your stuff, the way you bring it across to people!\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:11:51\\nWell, that's what I try to do.\\n \\nAudience Member 2\\n00:11:54\\nHave you written a book?\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:11:54\\nI've written a lot of books. [Laughter].\\n \\nAudience Member 2\\n00:11:58\\nNo no no, no really, no really, I don't know too much about...Gary Snyder, you know?\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:12:04\\nWell, you'd probably find, I don't know, because I'm coming here, because of my being here now, they've probably got some of my books in the bookstore, if you want to go look. [Laughter].\\n \\nAudience Member 2\\n00:12:13\\nSee I'm writing this play right now, you know? I'm trying to express myself and it's really...it's really strange [Cut off abruptly].\\n \\nUnknown\\n00:12:27\\n[Cut or edit in tape. Unknown amount of time elapsed].\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:12:28\\nWell, there has been a great deal of opposition to nuclear energy, and nuclear power-generating stations, in the United States so effective in some areas that a lot of generating plants have been blocked or slowed down in their construction. And I think that the United States government is about to launch on an enormous effort to calm the public and to lull it into accepting massive developments of nuclear energy generating centres, fast-breeder and later, perhaps, fusion. Now I myself would have no objection to such a thing if I could be convinced that it was safe, both in the long term and the short term, and although it might be conceivably safe in the short term, I can see no way in which it would be safe in the long run, because nuclear wastes accumulated over, say, several centuries, as they might be, or more, in increasing quantities around the globe, are going to out eventually, and even though you can say, well, we're putting it off for five hundred thousand years, five hundred thousand years is not a very long time.  And if we are feeding a wasteful, industrial, technological, consumer society for a few more centuries, buying it a few more centuries of life, at the expense of all future biological health on the planet, it's obviously not worth it. The Amchitka test, which is possibly interested in such things as what uses very large explosions would have in releasing oil from oil-bearing shale or something like that, I think the U.S. administration is going ahead with this test in the face of all this criticism, deliberately, as a deliberate and very intelligent gamble. The chances are that nothing will happen. When nothing happens, then they will be able to say, \\\"All you people were hysterical. You see?  Nothing happened\\\".  And that will buy them a lot of time and a lot of credibility to proceed strongly and forcibly with more nuclear testing and more nuclear power generation development. And the conservationists, perhaps, have in a way, played into their hands, by making such a big issue out of it, so that they will be left holding an empty bag if nothing happens. If something does happen, then the administration can say, \\\"You're right, we were wrong\\\", and Nixon [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9588] perhaps forfeits the next election. That's all. Okay. \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:15:25.61\\n\\\"Mountains and Rivers Without End\\\" is a poem that I've been working on, it's a long poem, a long series of interconnected long poems that I've been working on for some years. I'm going to read several sections from that tonight. Including one or two that are very recent, in fact these are all pretty recent. \\\"Mountains and Rivers without End\\\". The title of the poem comes from a Yuan Dynasty [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7313] Chinese scroll, that unfolds sideways and is thirty-five feet long. By way of introduction, a little poem called \\\"The Rabbit\\\". There are many sections to this, I'm only going to read [counts under breath.]..six tonight.\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:16:27\\nReads \\\"The Rabbit\\\" [published later in Mountains and Rivers Without End].\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:18:04\\n\\\"The California Water Plan\\\". The state of California at the moment is engaged in a large, incredibly wasteful, incredibly stupid, illegal, even by their own terms, water plan project, which if they're lucky, will salinate the Sacramento Valley [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1686914] and make agriculture permanently impossible. I was up in the Minarets [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412852] in the Sierra last summer, thinking about the California Water Plan [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28228216], and I perceived something of what the true California Water Plan was. So I wrote this down. It refers to an obscure little Buddhist god called Fudo, or Achala [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q337624], who is my particular guardian, my personal guardian and my personal teacher, and, so I use, I refer to him, in several poems. The other two poems in which I refer to him actually are a piece called \\\"Smokey the Bear Sutra\\\", and another piece called \\\"Spell Against Demons\\\". This is the final, actually, this is the third and final poem in the trilogy of Fudo poems. Also. But you'll find all about Fudo in this poem, it'll drive you crazy.    \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:19:48\\nReads \\\"The California Water Plan\\\" [later published in The Fudo Trilogy].\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:25:34\\n\\\"Kumarajiva's Mother\\\". Now, the rest of these poems that I'm going to read this evening are cutting back and forth between ancient India [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q668] and ancient North America. I--living as I do and where I have lived all my life, we face the Pacific [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q98]. And, the American Indian came from Asia [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48], or vice versa, the Asians came from North America. I mean I know a Shoshone who says that. He says, \\\"We've always been here, those Asians came from here\\\". [Laughter].  \\\"What do you mean we came from someplace else, that's some white anthropologist theory\\\". [Laughter]. \\\"Kumarajiva's Mother.\\\" Kumarajiva [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335293] was a great Buddhist monk-scholar-translator, who was kidnapped by the Chinese from Central Asia, by force, and carried off to China [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148] where he was made to translate Sanskrit Buddhist texts into Chinese, and he stayed there the rest of his life, with a crew of about eighty Chinese assistants, day and night, translating sutras. He did a lot of translation. He also got in trouble, because he liked girls, and on one occasion, because he actually had mistresses apparently, he ate a bowl of needles, like you sew with needles, in front of an assembly of all the monks and assistants in Peking [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q956], or no it wasn't Peking in those days, it was Chang'an [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6501000], all of the monks and assistants in the capital, Chang'an, and then he said, \\\"When you boys can eat needles, you can have girlfriends too\\\". [Audience laughter]. But this poem is about his mother. [Audience laughter]. And I really, I mean I could explain to you why I wrote this poem but it isn't really worth explaining, I'll just read it. It has to do partly with the fact that my mother has freckles. And I was trying to figure out at this time, when I wrote this, I was trying to figure out whatever happened to women in Buddhism? Like something happened to 'em. They got lost. For a long time, anyway.\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:28:22\\nReads \\\"Kumarajiva's Mother\\\".\\n \\nEND\\n00:30:59\\n\",\"notes\":\"I006-11-106=AC.2\\n00:02- Gary Snyder introduces “The Call of the Wild”. [INDEX: true; from Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974).]\\n00:17- Reads “The Call of the Wild”, Part I.\\n00:32- Reads “The Call of the Wild”, Part II.\\n01:52- Reads “The Call of the Wild”, Part III.\\n04:11- Reads “Source”. [INDEX: from Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974).]\\n05:40- Introduces “Charms”. [INDEX: dedicated to Michael McClure, consciousness of other beings; from Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974).]\\n06:15- Reads “Charms”.\\n08:01- Introduces “The Dead by the Side of the Road” [INDEX: wrote on the plane the        previous day; from Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974)]\\n08:15- Reads “The Dead by the Side of the Road”.\\n09:55- Break is taken, audience member #1 asks question. [INDEX: suggests small anti-war children’s toys.]\\n11:26- Audience member #2 asks question (part is cut). [INDEX: books, bookstore, writing play]\\n12:21- Gary Snyder speaks about opposition to nuclear energy. [INDEX: nuclear energy, nuclear power-generating stations, U.S. government, energy generating centres, industrial technological consumer society, expense on the future biological health of the planet, Amchitka test, oil-bearing shale, conservationists, Nixon, election.]\\n15:25- Introduces “Mountains and Rivers Without End” and “The Rabbit”. [INDEX: long \\tpoem, inter-connected long poems, reading several sections from it, title from Yuan     \\tDynasty Chinese scroll, little poem called “The Rabbit”, many sections- only reading 6;   \\tperhaps published as “Jackrabbit”, published much later in Mountains and Rivers Without End (Counterpoint, 1997).]\\n16:27- Reads “The Rabbit”.\\n18:04- Introduces “The California Water Plan”. [INDEX: state of California, water plan      project, salinate the Sacramento Valley and make the Sacramento Valley agriculturally  \\tdead, Minarets in the Sierra, Buddhist god called Fudo or Achala, personal guardian or    teacher, other two poems that reference Buddhist god: “Smokey the Bear Sutra” and “Spell Against Demons”, third poem in trilogy of Fudo poems; from The Fudo Trilogy      \\t(Shaman Drum, 1973).]\\n19:48- Reads “The California Water Plan”.\\n25:34- Introduces “Kumarajiva’s Mother”. [INDEX: rest of poems read are from ancient India and ancient North America, Pacific Ocean, American Indians from Asia or vice versa, Shoshone, white anthropologist theory, Kumarajiva was Buddhist monk-scholar-  \\ttranslator, Central Asia, China, translated Sanskrit Buddhist texts to Chinese, translating sutras, Peking (or Chang’an), Snyder’s mother, women in Buddhism; from unknown         source.]\\n28:22- Reads “Kumarajiva’s Mother”.\\n30:59- CUT made in tape, Snyder begins mid-sentence, introduces “The Humpbacked Flute Player”. [INDEX: 8th century, Mahayana university called NAllenda, China, Buddhism, school of the Mind Only, the school of Emptiness, two aspects of the poem, American Indian petroglyph figure of a hump-backed flute player, Sonora, Mexico, Great Basin, The Ghost Dance (Messianic Indian Religion started by a Paiute named Wovoka), oldest living beings are the bristle-coned pine, White Mountains, California; published in Coyote’s Journal 9 (1971) and in Mountains and Rivers Without End (Counterpoint, 1997).]\\n32:59- Reads “The Humpbacked Flute Player”.\\n39:36- Introduces “Down”. [INDEX: ordering of poems; from unknown source.]\\n40:05- Reads “Down”.\\n43:18- Introducer Richard Sommer thanks Gary Snyder, announces Charles Simic’s     \\treading. [INDEX: Charles Simic, November 19th, 1971.]\\n \\nSECOND CD (I006-11-106=AC.2) \\nPoems Read                                   \\t\\t\\t\\tTime Stamp:  Duration:\\n“The Call of the Wild” – Part I                                          \\t00:00:17      \\t00:16\\n“The Call of the Wild” – Part II                                         \\t00:00:32      \\t01:17\\n“The Call of the Wild” – Part III                                        \\t00:01:52      \\t02:15\\n“Source”                                                                             \\t00:04:11      \\t01:27\\n“Charms”                                                                            \\t00:06:15      \\t01:29\\n“The Dead by the Side of the Road”                                  \\t00:08:15      \\t01:40\\n“The Rabbit”                                                                       \\t00:16:27      \\t01:35\\n“The California Water Plan”                                  \\t        \\t00:19:48      \\t05:45\\n“Kumurajiva’s Mother”      \\t                                            \\t00:28:22      \\t02:36\\n“The Hump-Backed Flute Player”                                     \\t00:32:59      \\t06:34\\n“Down”                                                                               \\t00:40:05      \\t02:42\",\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"Sound Recording\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"https://montreal.spokenweb.ca/sgw-poetry-readings/gary-snyder-at-sgwu-1971/#3\"},{\"file_url\":\"https://files.spokenweb.ca/concordia/sgw/audio/all_mp3/gary_snyder_i006-11-106-4.mp3\",\"file_path\":\"files.spokenweb.ca>concordia>sgw>audio>all_mp3\",\"filename\":\"gary_snyder_i006-11-106-4.mp3\",\"channel_field\":\"\",\"sample_rate\":\"\",\"duration\":\"00:12:45\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"30.6 MB\",\"bitrate\":\"\",\"encoding\":\"\",\"contents\":\"gary_snyder_i006-11-106-4.mp3 [File 4 of 4]\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:00:00\\n...alone in the 8th century, and studied at an enormous Buddhist, Mahayana university called Nalanda [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216243], for fifteen years, and then walked back to China, with a fraying pack full of books, which he translated for the next twenty years after he got back to China. He brought the school of Buddhism, which is called the school of Mind Only, and the school of Emptiness. That's one aspect of this next poem. Another aspect is a little petroglyph, American Indian petroglyph figure, called the hump-backed flute player, a little stick figure playing the flute, with a pack on his back, walking. He was found pecked on the rocks from Sonora [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46422], Mexico [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96] up into the Great Basin, and about which almost nothing is known. The Ghost Dance, which was a Messianic Indian religion, started by a Paiute named Wovoka https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558420], which asserted that perhaps by magic the white man could be swept away from North America and the game would return.  And finally, the oldest living beings are the bristle-coned pine, who live in the White Mountains [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1556007], at an elevation of nine thousand feet in eastern California, the oldest of which is something like four thousand five hundred years old. So this poem is called \\\"The Humpbacked Flute Player\\\".\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:01:59\\nReads \\\"The Humpbacked Flute Player\\\" from Coyote’s Journal #9 [and published later in Mountains and Rivers Without End]. \\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:08:36\\nI'm going to finish with one more poem called \\\"Down\\\". These poems are not in the order that they're going to be, but they're in a convenient order for the moment.\\n \\nGary Snyder\\n00:09:05\\nReads \\\"Down\\\".\\n \\nAudience\\n00:11:48\\nApplause.\\n \\nRichard (Dick) Sommer\\n00:12:18\\nI can't thank you for that. I don't know any way. Charles Simic [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722555] will be reading on November 19th. Thank you. \\n\\nAudience\\n00:12:40 \\nApplause.\\n\\nEND\\n00:12:45\\n\",\"notes\":\"I006-11-106=AC.2\\n00:02- Gary Snyder introduces “The Call of the Wild”. [INDEX: true; from Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974).]\\n00:17- Reads “The Call of the Wild”, Part I.\\n00:32- Reads “The Call of the Wild”, Part II.\\n01:52- Reads “The Call of the Wild”, Part III.\\n04:11- Reads “Source”. [INDEX: from Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974).]\\n05:40- Introduces “Charms”. [INDEX: dedicated to Michael McClure, consciousness of other beings; from Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974).]\\n06:15- Reads “Charms”.\\n08:01- Introduces “The Dead by the Side of the Road” [INDEX: wrote on the plane the        previous day; from Turtle Island (New Directions, 1974)]\\n08:15- Reads “The Dead by the Side of the Road”.\\n09:55- Break is taken, audience member #1 asks question. [INDEX: suggests small anti-war children’s toys.]\\n11:26- Audience member #2 asks question (part is cut). [INDEX: books, bookstore, writing play]\\n12:21- Gary Snyder speaks about opposition to nuclear energy. [INDEX: nuclear energy, nuclear power-generating stations, U.S. government, energy generating centres, industrial technological consumer society, expense on the future biological health of the planet, Amchitka test, oil-bearing shale, conservationists, Nixon, election.]\\n15:25- Introduces “Mountains and Rivers Without End” and “The Rabbit”. [INDEX: long \\tpoem, inter-connected long poems, reading several sections from it, title from Yuan     \\tDynasty Chinese scroll, little poem called “The Rabbit”, many sections- only reading 6;   \\tperhaps published as “Jackrabbit”, published much later in Mountains and Rivers Without End (Counterpoint, 1997).]\\n16:27- Reads “The Rabbit”.\\n18:04- Introduces “The California Water Plan”. [INDEX: state of California, water plan      project, salinate the Sacramento Valley and make the Sacramento Valley agriculturally  \\tdead, Minarets in the Sierra, Buddhist god called Fudo or Achala, personal guardian or    teacher, other two poems that reference Buddhist god: “Smokey the Bear Sutra” and “Spell Against Demons”, third poem in trilogy of Fudo poems; from The Fudo Trilogy      \\t(Shaman Drum, 1973).]\\n19:48- Reads “The California Water Plan”.\\n25:34- Introduces “Kumarajiva’s Mother”. [INDEX: rest of poems read are from ancient India and ancient North America, Pacific Ocean, American Indians from Asia or vice versa, Shoshone, white anthropologist theory, Kumarajiva was Buddhist monk-scholar-  \\ttranslator, Central Asia, China, translated Sanskrit Buddhist texts to Chinese, translating sutras, Peking (or Chang’an), Snyder’s mother, women in Buddhism; from unknown         source.]\\n28:22- Reads “Kumarajiva’s Mother”.\\n30:59- CUT made in tape, Snyder begins mid-sentence, introduces “The Humpbacked Flute Player”. [INDEX: 8th century, Mahayana university called NAllenda, China, Buddhism, school of the Mind Only, the school of Emptiness, two aspects of the poem, American Indian petroglyph figure of a hump-backed flute player, Sonora, Mexico, Great Basin, The Ghost Dance (Messianic Indian Religion started by a Paiute named Wovoka), oldest living beings are the bristle-coned pine, White Mountains, California; published in Coyote’s Journal 9 (1971) and in Mountains and Rivers Without End (Counterpoint, 1997).]\\n32:59- Reads “The Humpbacked Flute Player”.\\n39:36- Introduces “Down”. [INDEX: ordering of poems; from unknown source.]\\n40:05- Reads “Down”.\\n43:18- Introducer Richard Sommer thanks Gary Snyder, announces Charles Simic’s     \\treading. 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censorship organizations in Czechoslovakia and Russia compared to Poland’s\n\t\t896\tReturn to Prague\n\t\t946\tMayday celebration In Prague, student’s festival in which May King and May Queen elected\n\t\t980\tSide one ends\nTwo\t\t000\tGinsberg recounts how he was elected May King, a title which was later stripped from him\n\t\t077\tGinsberg’s notebook, and how it got him into trouble\n\t\t181\tLecture ends"],"Note":["[{\"note\":\"The Berkeley Poetry Conference Part 6 July 22nd, 1965\\nAllan Ginsberg Lecture: What's Going on in the World\\nSide 1 43 min\\nSide 2 34 min\",\"type\":\"General\"}]"],"Related_works":["[]"],"_version_":1853670553075843073,"timestamp":"2026-01-07T14:59:57.525Z","score":3.600539},{"id":"5415","cataloger_name":["Ben,Joseph"],"partnerInstitution":["Simon Fraser University"],"collection_source_collection":["Reading in BC Collection"],"source_collection_label":["Reading in BC Collection"],"collection_contributing_unit":["SFU Library"],"source_collection_uri":[""],"collection_image_url":[""],"collection_source_collection_description":["Reading in BC collection was assembled during the late 1970s and ‘80s. 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IV. 64”\n\t\t168\t“Hop, Skip, and Jump”\n\t\t201\t“2. XI. 64” (“August Was Foggy”)\n\t\t218\t“Four Corners Hopscotch”\n\t\t225\t“Could She See the Whole Real World with Her Ghost \n\t\t\tBreast Eyes Shut Under a Blouse Lid”\n\t\t243\t“The Six Hells of the Engine Room”\n\t\t256\t“For the Boy Who Was Dodger Point Lookout 15 Years Ago”\n\t\t280\t“Through the Smoke Hole”"],"Note":["[{\"note\":\"Liner Notes: \\nBerkeley Poetry Conference Part 1, July 13th 1965.\\nSide 1: 43 min\\nIntroduction by Thomas Parkinson Reading by Gary Snyder\\nSide 2: 43:10\\nConclusion of Reading\",\"type\":\"General\"}]"],"Related_works":["[]"],"_version_":1853670553271926785,"timestamp":"2026-01-07T14:59:57.732Z","score":3.600539},{"id":"5470","cataloger_name":["Ben,Joseph"],"partnerInstitution":["Simon Fraser University"],"collection_source_collection":["Reading in BC Collection"],"source_collection_label":["Reading in BC Collection"],"collection_contributing_unit":["SFU Library"],"source_collection_uri":[""],"collection_image_url":[""],"collection_source_collection_description":["Reading in BC collection was assembled during the late 1970s and ‘80s. There are approximately 1000 tapes in this collection. It consists of the recordings of Canadian and American writers, mostly poets, reading poems, talking, being interviewed, participating in panel discussions, and so on. Most of the recordings were made in BC, but there are some made elsewhere in Canada or the USA. 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Introduction by Allan Ginsberg\\nSide 1 37:40\\nSide 2 34:45\",\"type\":\"General\"}]"],"Related_works":["[]"],"_version_":1853670553278218240,"timestamp":"2026-01-07T14:59:57.732Z","score":3.600539},{"id":"5556","cataloger_name":["Mozhgan,Nourafkan"],"partnerInstitution":["Simon Fraser University"],"collection_source_collection":["Reading in BC Collection"],"source_collection_label":["Reading in BC Collection"],"collection_contributing_unit":["SFU Library"],"source_collection_uri":[""],"collection_image_url":[""],"collection_source_collection_description":["Reading in BC collection was assembled during the late 1970s and ‘80s. There are approximately 1000 tapes in this collection. It consists of the recordings of Canadian and American writers, mostly poets, reading poems, talking, being interviewed, participating in panel discussions, and so on. Most of the recordings were made in BC, but there are some made elsewhere in Canada or the USA. 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Milton by Firelight 3. Riprap. From Cold Mountain Poems : 4. “In the mountains it’s cold…” 5. “I wanted a good place to settle…” 6. “I’ve lived at Cold Mountain…” 7. Logging #2 8. Logging #7 9. Hunting #10 10. Burning #17 11. Sixth-Month Song in the Foothills 12. Oil 13. The Song of Taste 14. Shark Meat 15. The Bath 16. For Nothing 17. As for Poets 18. For the Children\nSide 2 : 19. It Pleases 20. Chinese Folk Song (in English & Chinese) 21. Axe Handles 22. For/From Lew 23. Among 24. Changing Diapers. From “Little Songs for Gaia” 25. “As the cricket’s soft autumn hum…” 26. “Log trucks go by at four in the morning…” 27 “Dead doe lying in the rain…” 29. “Hers was not a/Sheath…” 30. “I am sorry I disturbed you…” 31. Breasts 32. Dillingham, Alaska, the Willow Tree Bar 33. At White River Roadhouse in the Yukon 34. True Night 35. How Poetry Comes to Me 36. Why I Take Good Care of My Macintosh Computer 37. Right in the Trail 38. Building 39. Word Basket Woman 40. At Tower Peak"],"Note":["[{\"note\":\"\",\"type\":\"\"},{\"note\":\"\",\"type\":\"\"}]"],"Related_works":["[]"],"_version_":1853670553495273479,"timestamp":"2026-01-07T14:59:57.945Z","score":3.600539},{"id":"5617","cataloger_name":["Linara,Kolosov"],"partnerInstitution":["Simon Fraser University"],"collection_source_collection":["Reading in BC Collection"],"source_collection_label":["Reading in BC Collection"],"collection_contributing_unit":["SFU Library"],"source_collection_uri":[""],"collection_image_url":[""],"collection_source_collection_description":["Reading in BC collection was assembled during the late 1970s and ‘80s. There are approximately 1000 tapes in this collection. It consists of the recordings of Canadian and American writers, mostly poets, reading poems, talking, being interviewed, participating in panel discussions, and so on. Most of the recordings were made in BC, but there are some made elsewhere in Canada or the USA. 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There are approximately 1000 tapes in this collection. It consists of the recordings of Canadian and American writers, mostly poets, reading poems, talking, being interviewed, participating in panel discussions, and so on. Most of the recordings were made in BC, but there are some made elsewhere in Canada or the USA. 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Steve\",\"dates\":\"1947-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/17265862\",\"name\":\"Padgett, Ron\",\"dates\":\"1942-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/163681842\",\"name\":\"Carter, Charlotte\",\"dates\":\"1946-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/84037206\",\"name\":\"Smith, Patti\",\"dates\":\"1946-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/43224057\",\"name\":\"Fyman, Cliff\",\"dates\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/4397415\",\"name\":\"Messing, Robin\",\"dates\":\"1952-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\" http://viaf.org/viaf/35774657\",\"name\":\"Violi, Paul\",\"dates\":\"1944-2011\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/18467779\",\"name\":\"Holman, Bob\",\"dates\":\"1936-2016\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/108417923\",\"name\":\"Ginsberg, Allen\",\"dates\":\"1926-1997\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Speaker\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/84079610\",\"name\":\"Waldman, Anne\",\"dates\":\"1945-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/100001869\",\"name\":\"Ashbery, John\",\"dates\":\"1927-2017\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/100001869\",\"name\":\"Anderson, Beth\",\"dates\":\"1950-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/93706003\",\"name\":\"Ricard, Rene\",\"dates\":\"1946-2014\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]}]"],"contributors":["[]"],"material_description":["[{\"side\":\"\",\"image\":\"../Uploads/6182/Reading in BC_MsC199_598.jpg\",\"other\":\"\",\"extent\":\"1/8 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of Ceremonies Comments\n\t\t019\tWilliam S. Burroughs Keynote Commentary [Philosophy of The Nova Convention] \n\t\t036\t“Roosevelt After Inauguration”\n\t\t082\tJohn Giorno “Eating the Sky” [a duet with himself]\n\t\t246\tPatti Smith Comments concerning Keith Richards, The Nova Convention and other related or unrelated subjects\n\t\t329\t“Poem for Jim Morrison”\n\t\t362\t“Bumblebee”\n\t\t530\tSide 1 ends\nTwo\t\t\tTime: 32:42 mins.\n\t\t000\t\n\t\t010\tIntroduction of William S. Burroughs by Brion Gyson\n\t\t037\tWilliam S. Burroughs “Letter from Dr. Benway in Jonestown”\n\t\t049\tPhilip Glass “Building” from Einstein On The Beach\n\t\t084\tBrion Gysin Introductory Comments\n\t\t094\t“Kick that Habit”\n\t\t106\t“Junk is No Good Baby”\n\t\t128\t“Somebody Special”\n\t\t142\t“Blue Baboon Blues”\n\t\t169\tFrank Zappa Reads Burroughs “The Talking Asshole” from Naked Lunch\n\t\t239\tWilliam S. Burroughs “This is Kim Carson” from Place of the Dead Roads\n\t\t268\t“The Collapse of Any Currency”\n\t\t297\t“The Whole Tamale”\n\t\t375\t“The Coming of the Purple Better One”\n\t\t425\t“The Aggressive Southern Ape May block Your Way to Space”\n\t\t524\tSide 2 ends\nThree\t#600\t\tTime: 32:35 mins.\n\t\t000\t\n\t\t004\tWelcome To The Nova Convention Agenda [Listing of Speakers]\n\t\t010\tWilliam S. Burroughs “What The Nova Convention is About”\n\t\t033\tEd Sanders Reading “Hymn to Aphrodite” by Sappho\n\t\t064\tReading “The Lily” and “The Question Answered” by William Blake; also “Hymn to Aphrodite” in the original Greek\n\t\t133\tJohn Cage Introductory Comments\n\t\t163\t“Writing for the Second Time Through Finnegans Wake”\n\t\t318\tUnknown Woman “It, It Looks…”\n\t\t342\tAnne Waldman “Plutonium Ode”\n\t\t369\t“Skin, meat, bones”\n\t\t533\tSide 3 ends\nFour\t\t\tTime: 33:00 mins.\n\t\t000\t\n\t\t006\tIntroduction\n\t\t010\tLaurie Anderson and Julia Heyward “Song from America on the Move”\n\t\t148\tAllen Ginsberg “Punk Rock”\n\t\t162\t“Old Pond”\n\t\t220\tPeter Orlovsky “Feeding Them Raspberries To Grow”\n\t\t263\tAllen Ginsberg Concise Introduction \n\t\t267\t“Nurses Song”\n\t\t323\tConversations [Burroughs, Gysin, Dr. Timothy Leary, Les Levine and Robert Anton Wilson] Gist of the conversations is “Space”. Individual members of the group didactically explain their view of “Space”. Much flattery is extended to Burroughs by the rest of the group\n\t\t535\tSide 4 ends\n"],"Note":["[{\"note\":\"\",\"type\":\"\"}]"],"Related_works":["[]"],"_version_":1853670554173702144,"timestamp":"2026-01-07T14:59:58.590Z","score":3.600539},{"id":"6097","cataloger_name":["Linara,Kolosov"],"partnerInstitution":["Simon Fraser University"],"collection_source_collection":["Reading in BC Collection"],"source_collection_label":["Reading in BC Collection"],"collection_contributing_unit":["SFU Library"],"source_collection_uri":[""],"collection_image_url":[""],"collection_source_collection_description":["Reading in BC collection was assembled during the late 1970s and ‘80s. There are approximately 1000 tapes in this collection. It consists of the recordings of Canadian and American writers, mostly poets, reading poems, talking, being interviewed, participating in panel discussions, and so on. 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Quite a few of these recordings are unique copies, not to be found elsewhere."],"collection_source_collection_id":["MsC 199"],"persistent_url":[""],"item_title":["The Beat Bards reading in San Francisco, 1956 tape 1 of 2 #113a"],"item_title_source":["cassette and j-card"],"item_language":["English"],"item_production_context":["Documentary recording"],"item_identifiers":["[]"],"rights":["Copyright Not Evaluated (CNE)"],"creator_names":["Whalen, Philip","Ginsberg, Allen","Rexroth, Kenneth","Snyder, Gary","McClure, Michael"],"creator_names_search":["Whalen, Philip","Ginsberg, Allen","Rexroth, Kenneth","Snyder, Gary","McClure, Michael"],"creators":["[{\"url\":\"https://viaf.org/viaf/54270610/\",\"name\":\"Whalen, Philip\",\"dates\":\"1923-2002\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/108417923\",\"name\":\"Ginsberg, Allen \",\"dates\":\"1926-1997\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/105850695\",\"name\":\"Rexroth, Kenneth \",\"dates\":\"1905-1982\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Speaker\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/68944804\",\"name\":\"Snyder, Gary \",\"dates\":\"1930-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/71493269\",\"name\":\"McClure, Michael\",\"dates\":\"1932-2020\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]}]"],"contributors_names":["Wah, Fred"],"contributors_names_search":["Wah, Fred"],"contributors":["[{\"url\":\" http://viaf.org/viaf/1330211\",\"name\":\"Wah, Fred\",\"dates\":\"1939-\",\"notes\":\"In the inventory it states that he is a Donor and we are not sure what it means\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Donor\"]}]"],"Production_Date":[1956],"material_description":["[{\"side\":\"\",\"image\":\"../Uploads/597/Reading in BC_MsC199_113a.jpg\",\"other\":\"\",\"extent\":\"1/8 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files\",\"contents\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"\"},{\"file_url\":\"\",\"file_path\":\"\",\"filename\":\"113-tape-1-side-2.mp3\",\"channel_field\":\"Stereo\",\"sample_rate\":\"44.1 kHz\",\"duration\":\"T00:24:48\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"23.3 MB\",\"bitrate\":\"32 bit\",\"encoding\":\"WAV for master files and .MP3 for online files\",\"contents\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"\"}]"],"Dates":["[{\"date\":\"1956\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"\",\"source\":\"J-card\"}]"],"Location":["[{\"url\":\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/111968\",\"venue\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"San Francisco, California, USA\",\"latitude\":\"37.7761\",\"longitude\":\"-122.4413\"}]"],"Address":["San Francisco, California, USA"],"content_notes":["SFU BC Readings formatting"],"contents":["Side\tTrack\tNo.\tComments\nOne\tA\t000\tIntroduction by Kenneth Rexroth\n\t\t025\tGary Snyder reads – For A Far-out Friend\n\t\t043\tSong and Dance For a Lecherous Muse\n\t\t070\tMyths and Texts\n\t\t223\tRexroth introduces Philip Whalen\n\t\t250\tWhalen reads – For K.W.\n\t\t277\tMartyrdom of Two Pagans\n\t\t298\tThe More It Changes, The More It’s The Same Thing\n\t\t328\tThree Variations: All About Love\n\t\t388\tSourdough Mountain Lookout- first part only\n\t\t428\tThe Slop Barrel\n\t\t540\tRexroth introduces Michael McLure\n\t\t565\tMcLure reads a letter from Jack Spicer\n\t\t650\t\n\t\t671\tThe Mystery of the Hunt – tape cuts out part-way through the poem\n\t\t696\tPoint Lobos\n\t\t755\tThe Whales\n\t\t792\tThe Feeling\n"],"Note":["[{\"note\":\"Liner Notes: San Francisco Bards 1956 Gary Snyder, Philip Whalen, Michael McLure, Kenneth Rexroth, Allen Ginsberg Side 1 30:25 Side 2 24:40 Dolby B The Beat Bards Tape 1 #113a\",\"type\":\"General\"}]"],"Related_works":["[{\"url\":\"\",\"citation\":\"\"}]"],"_version_":1853670554739933187,"timestamp":"2026-01-07T14:59:59.119Z","score":3.600539},{"id":"6098","cataloger_name":["Linara,Kolosov"],"partnerInstitution":["Simon Fraser University"],"collection_source_collection":["Reading in BC Collection"],"source_collection_label":["Reading in BC Collection"],"collection_contributing_unit":["SFU Library"],"source_collection_uri":[""],"collection_image_url":[""],"collection_source_collection_description":["Reading in BC collection was assembled during the late 1970s and ‘80s. There are approximately 1000 tapes in this collection. It consists of the recordings of Canadian and American writers, mostly poets, reading poems, talking, being interviewed, participating in panel discussions, and so on. Most of the recordings were made in BC, but there are some made elsewhere in Canada or the USA. 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Quite a few of these recordings are unique copies, not to be found elsewhere."],"collection_source_collection_id":["MsC 199"],"persistent_url":[""],"item_title":["Gary Snyder & Allen Ginsberg reading at Reed College on February 14, 1956 #458a\n"],"item_title_source":["cassette and j-card"],"item_language":["English"],"item_production_context":["Documentary recording"],"item_identifiers":["[]"],"rights":["Copyright Not Evaluated (CNE)"],"creator_names":["Ginsberg, Allen","Snyder, Gary"],"creator_names_search":["Ginsberg, Allen","Snyder, Gary"],"creators":["[{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/108417923\",\"name\":\"Ginsberg, Allen\",\"dates\":\"1926-1997\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/68944804\",\"name\":\"Snyder, Gary\",\"dates\":\"1930-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Speaker\",\"Reader\"]}]"],"contributors":["[{\"url\":\"\",\"name\":\"\",\"dates\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[]}]"],"Performance_Date":[1956],"material_description":["[{\"side\":\"\",\"image\":\"../Uploads/7874/Reading in BC_MsC199_458a.jpg\",\"other\":\"\",\"extent\":\"\",\"AV_types\":\"Audio\",\"tape_brand\":\"\",\"generations\":\"Second generation from Reel-to-Reel\",\"Conservation\":\"\",\"equalization\":\"\",\"playback_mode\":\"Stereo\",\"playing_speed\":\"\",\"sound_quality\":\"Excellent\",\"recording_type\":\"Analogue\",\"storage_capacity\":\"\",\"physical_condition\":\"Good\",\"track_configuration\":\"2 track\",\"material_designation\":\"Cassette\",\"physical_composition\":\"Magnetic Tape\",\"accompanying_material\":\"J-card\",\"other_physical_description\":\"Black and white clear jewel case with J card\"}]"],"material_designations":["Cassette"],"physical_compositions":["Magnetic Tape"],"recording_type":["Analogue"],"AV_type":["Audio"],"playback_mode":["Stereo"],"digital_description":["[{\"file_url\":\"\",\"file_path\":\"\",\"filename\":\"458a-side-1.mp3\",\"channel_field\":\"Stereo\",\"sample_rate\":\"44.1 kHz\",\"duration\":\"T00:30:31\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"29.7 MB\",\"bitrate\":\"32 bit\",\"encoding\":\"WAV for master files and .MP3 for online files\",\"contents\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"\"},{\"file_url\":\"\",\"file_path\":\"\",\"filename\":\"458a-side-2.mp3\",\"channel_field\":\"Stereo\",\"sample_rate\":\"44.1 kHz\",\"duration\":\"T00:30:23\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"29.7 MB\",\"bitrate\":\"32 bit\",\"encoding\":\"WAV for master files and .MP3 for online files\",\"contents\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"\"}]"],"Dates":["[{\"date\":\"1956-02-14\",\"type\":\"Performance Date\",\"notes\":\"\",\"source\":\"J-card\"}]"],"Location":["[{\"url\":\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/27400683\",\"venue\":\"Reed College\",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"Southeast 28th Avenue, Eastmoreland, Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, 97202, United States\",\"latitude\":\"45.4815\",\"longitude\":\"-122.6309\"}]"],"Address":["Southeast 28th Avenue, Eastmoreland, Portland, Multnomah County, Oregon, 97202, United States"],"Venue":["Reed College"],"content_notes":["SFU BC Readings formatting"],"contents":["Side\tTrack\tNo.\tComments\nOne\t\t05\tGary Snyder begins – will read a work in progress Myths and Texts\n\t\t\t-\tIn three parts 1. Groves 2. Beasts 3. Changes\n\t\t27\tSources – Japanese, Chinese & American Indian\n\t\t45\tAn epigraph to Myths and Texts: a dendrologists’ observations about the Lodge Pole pine tree\n\t\t53\tSelections from The Grove section\n\t\t57\t“Seami, Kwanami” “Pines, under pines…”\n\t\t78\t“Ray Wells, a big Nisqually, and I…”\n\t\t83\t“Felix Baran. Hugo Gerlot…”\n\t\t95\t“Each dawn is clear…”\n\t\t135\tFrom the beasts section- “First Shaman’s Song”\n\t\t181\t“This Poem is for Bear”\n\t\t207\t“This Poem is for Deer”\n\t\t227\t“Deer don’t want to die for me…”\n\t\t232\t“Tiger Song”\n\t\t237\t“The Making of The Horn Spoon”\n\t\t246\t“Mouse”\n\t\t255\t“Two Dance Songs – For a four crowned Dancing Hat”\n\t\t264\t“Maitreya, The Future Buddha”\n\t\t282\t“Out the Grey Wolf Valley…”\n\t\t300\t“First day of the world…”\n\t\t311\t“How rare to be born a human being…”\n\t\t334\t“from “Changes” section – “The Second Shaman’s Song”\n\t\t379\t“A skin-bound bundle of clutchings…”\n\t\t406\tFrom another work in progress “The Late Snow and Lumber Strike of the Summer of 1954”\n\t\t428\t“Poem For a Stone Girl”\n\t\t450\t“Milton by Firelight”\n\t\t475\t“A Dry Day Just Before the Rainy Season”\n\t\t497\t“Poem For a Friend”\n\t\t521\t“You’ve gone cold I suppose…”\n\t\t542\t“Lines On a Carp For An Apocalypse”\n\t\t554\t“Perched on their bare and windy peaks…”\n\t\t578\t“Villahelle’\n\t\t593\t“Epistemological Fancies”\n\t\t608\t“One Left on Sourdough Mountain Lookout”\n\t\t617\t“Under The Skin Of It”\n\t\t631\t“To hell with your fertility cults…” (a parody on Robert Graves)\n\t\t651\t“Praise For Sick Women”\n\t\t697\t“Mid-August at Sourdough Mountain Lookout”\n\t\t718\t“Numerous Broken Eggs”\n\t\t761\t“A Walk”\n\t\t803\t“Biyou Creek”\n\t\t830\tEnd of side one"],"Note":["[]"],"Related_works":["[]"],"_version_":1853670554848985090,"timestamp":"2026-01-07T14:59:59.214Z","score":3.600539},{"id":"6339","cataloger_name":["Mozhgan,Nourafkan"],"partnerInstitution":["Simon Fraser University"],"collection_source_collection":["Reading in BC Collection"],"source_collection_label":["Reading in BC Collection"],"collection_contributing_unit":["SFU Library"],"source_collection_uri":[""],"collection_image_url":[""],"collection_source_collection_description":["Reading in BC collection was assembled during the late 1970s and ‘80s. There are approximately 1000 tapes in this collection. It consists of the recordings of Canadian and American writers, mostly poets, reading poems, talking, being interviewed, participating in panel discussions, and so on. Most of the recordings were made in BC, but there are some made elsewhere in Canada or the USA. Quite a few of these recordings are unique copies, not to be found elsewhere."],"collection_source_collection_id":["MsC 199"],"persistent_url":[""],"item_title":["The Dial-A-poem poets: biting off the tongue of a corpse #492"],"item_title_source":["cassette and j-card"],"item_language":["English"],"item_production_context":["Documentary recording"],"item_identifiers":["[]"],"rights":["Copyright Not Evaluated (CNE)"],"creator_names":["Snyder, Gary","Giorno, John","Burroughs, William Seward","Olson, Charles","Berrigan, Ted","Sanders, Ed","Wieners, John","Levertov, Denise","Gage, John","Denby, Edwin","Adam, Helen","Di Prima, Diane","Duncan, Robert","O'Hara, Frank","Koch, Kenneth","Ashbery, John","Stein, Charles"],"creator_names_search":["Snyder, Gary","Giorno, John","Burroughs, William Seward","Olson, Charles","Berrigan, Ted","Sanders, Ed","Wieners, John","Levertov, Denise","Gage, John","Denby, Edwin","Adam, Helen","Di Prima, Diane","Duncan, Robert","O'Hara, Frank","Koch, Kenneth","Ashbery, John","Stein, Charles"],"creators":["[{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/68944804\",\"name\":\"Snyder, Gary\",\"dates\":\"1930-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/84168002\",\"name\":\" Giorno, John\",\"dates\":\"1936-2019\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/108916275\",\"name\":\"Burroughs, William Seward\",\"dates\":\"1914-1997\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/27091190\",\"name\":\"Olson, Charles \",\"dates\":\"1910-1970\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/64027570\",\"name\":\"Berrigan, Ted\",\"dates\":\"1934-1983\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/22183708\",\"name\":\"Sanders, Ed \",\"dates\":\"1939-\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/90723960\",\"name\":\"Wieners, John\",\"dates\":\"1934-2002\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/9868894\",\"name\":\"Levertov, Denise\",\"dates\":\"1923-1997\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/109427868\",\"name\":\"Gage, John\",\"dates\":\"1938-2012\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/5018505\",\"name\":\"Denby, Edwin\",\"dates\":\"1903-1983\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/70219271\",\"name\":\"Adam, Helen\",\"dates\":\"1909-1993\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/83981636\",\"name\":\"Di Prima, Diane\",\"dates\":\"1934-2020\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\" http://viaf.org/viaf/105142281\",\"name\":\"Duncan, Robert\",\"dates\":\"1919-1988\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/51698966\",\"name\":\"O'Hara, Frank\",\"dates\":\"1926-1966\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/110467351\",\"name\":\"Koch, Kenneth\",\"dates\":\"1925-2002\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/100001869\",\"name\":\"Ashbery, John\",\"dates\":\"1927-2017\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]},{\"url\":\"http://viaf.org/viaf/72970041\",\"name\":\"Stein, Charles\",\"dates\":\"1920-2016\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[\"Reader\"]}]"],"contributors":["[{\"url\":\"\",\"name\":\"\",\"dates\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"nation\":[],\"role\":[]}]"],"Production_Date":[1975],"material_description":["[{\"side\":\"\",\"image\":\"../Uploads/8789/Reading in BC_MsC199_492.jpg\",\"other\":\"\",\"extent\":\"1/8 inch\",\"AV_types\":\"Audio\",\"tape_brand\":\"\",\"generations\":\"Second generation from Reel-to-Reel\",\"Conservation\":\"\",\"equalization\":\"\",\"playback_mode\":\"\",\"playing_speed\":\"\",\"sound_quality\":\"Excellent\",\"recording_type\":\"Analogue\",\"storage_capacity\":\"\",\"physical_condition\":\"Good\",\"track_configuration\":\"\",\"material_designation\":\"Cassette\",\"physical_composition\":\"Magnetic Tape\",\"accompanying_material\":\"J-card\",\"other_physical_description\":\"Black and white clear jewel case with J-card\"}]"],"material_designations":["Cassette"],"physical_compositions":["Magnetic Tape"],"recording_type":["Analogue"],"AV_type":["Audio"],"digital_description":["[{\"file_url\":\"\",\"file_path\":\"\",\"filename\":\"492-Side-1.mp3\",\"channel_field\":\"Stereo\",\"sample_rate\":\"44.1 kHz\",\"duration\":\"T01:46:38\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"108.5 MB\",\"bitrate\":\"32 bit\",\"encoding\":\"WAV for master files and .MP3 for online files\",\"contents\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"\"},{\"file_url\":\"\",\"file_path\":\"\",\"filename\":\"492-Side-2.mp3\",\"channel_field\":\"Stereo\",\"sample_rate\":\"44.1 kHz\",\"duration\":\"T00:50:22\",\"precision\":\"\",\"size\":\"51.0 MB\",\"bitrate\":\"32 bit\",\"encoding\":\"WAV for master files and .MP3 for online files\",\"contents\":\"\",\"notes\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"credit\":\"\",\"caption\":\"\",\"content_type\":\"\",\"featured\":\"\",\"public_access_url\":\"\"}]"],"Dates":["[{\"date\":\"1975-01-29\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Gary Snyder reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1975-01-06\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"John Giorno reading \",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1974-04-24\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"William Seward Burroughs reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1967-10-20\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Charles Olson reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1974-03-24\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Ted Berrigan reading \",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1975-01-01\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Ed Sanders reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1974-12-11\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Edwin Denby reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1975-01-01\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Helen Adam reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1974-07-30\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Diane Di Prima reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1968-03-19\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"John Wieners reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1975-01-01\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"John Cage reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1974-10\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Robert Duncan reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1966\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Denise Levertov, Frank O'Hara, Kenneth Koch, and John Ashbery reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"},{\"date\":\"1975-01-01\",\"type\":\"Production Date\",\"notes\":\"Charles Stein reading\",\"source\":\"J-card\"}]"],"Location":["[{\"url\":\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/20633769\",\"venue\":\"ZBS Foundation recording studio\",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"174 N River Rd, Fort Edward, NY 12828, United States\",\"latitude\":\"43.17765\",\"longitude\":\"-73.58187\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/relation/174991\",\"venue\":\"Cortland\",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"Cortland County, New York, United States of America\",\"latitude\":\"42.6005\",\"longitude\":\"-76.1872\"},{\"url\":\"\",\"venue\":\"Scottish Arts Council\",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"Glasgow City, Scotland\",\"latitude\":\"\",\"longitude\":\"\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/241844932\",\"venue\":\"St. Marks Church-In-The-Bowery\",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"131 E 10th St, New York, NY 10003, United States\",\"latitude\":\"40.73036\",\"longitude\":\"-73.98718\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/391232001\",\"venue\":\"Naropa institute \",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"Marine Street, Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado, 80309, United States\",\"latitude\":\"40.01405\",\"longitude\":\"-105.26696\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/68036581\",\"venue\":\"Buffalo – S.U.N.Y. (University at Buffalo)\",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"Buffalo, NY 14260, United States\",\"latitude\":\"42.9538\",\"longitude\":\"-78.8180\"},{\"url\":\"https://www.openstreetmap.org/way/32865757\",\"venue\":\"War Memorial Veterans Building\",\"notes\":\"We are not sure if it's the exact address. On the J-card it's just written Veterans auditorium \",\"address\":\"401, Van Ness Avenue, Hayes Valley, San Francisco, California, 94102, United States\",\"latitude\":\"37.77957\",\"longitude\":\"-122.42105\"},{\"url\":\"\",\"venue\":\"Net-TV, poetry\",\"notes\":\"\",\"address\":\"USA\",\"latitude\":\"\",\"longitude\":\"\"}]"],"Address":["174 N River Rd, Fort Edward, NY 12828, United States","Cortland County, New York, United States of America","Glasgow City, Scotland","131 E 10th St, New York, NY 10003, United States","Marine Street, Boulder, Boulder County, Colorado, 80309, United States","Buffalo, NY 14260, United States","401, Van Ness Avenue, Hayes Valley, San Francisco, California, 94102, United States","USA"],"Venue":["ZBS Foundation recording studio","Cortland","Scottish Arts Council","St. Marks Church-In-The-Bowery","Naropa institute ","Buffalo – S.U.N.Y. (University at Buffalo)","War Memorial Veterans Building","Net-TV, poetry"],"City":["Buffalo, New York"],"content_notes":["SFU BC Readings formatting"],"contents":["Side\tTrack\tNo.\tComments\nOne\t\t\tBiting Off The Tongue Of A Corpse\n\t\t000\tGary Snyder, from Turtle Island (St. Mark’s Church, NY, Jan. 29, 1975) “Anasazi”\n\t\t039\t“The Wild Mushroom”\n\t\t074\t“Avocado”\n\t\t094\tOne should not speak to a skilled hunter”\n\t\t118\t“No shoes, no shirt, no service”\n\t\t146\tJohn Giorno – excerpt from Subduing Demons in America ZBX Media, Fort Edwards, NY, Jan. 29, 1975)\n\t\t342\tWilliam S. Burroughs – From The Wild Boys “A Top level conference is in progress” (St. Mark’s Church, NY, April 24, 1974)\n\t\t523\tCharles Olson (SUNY Cortland, NY, Oct. 20, 1967) “Maximus of Gloucester” (only my written work)\n\t\t577\tTed Berrigan (Scottish Arts Council Glasgow, Scotland March 24, 1974) excerpts from Memorial Day\n\t\t721\tEd Sanders (St. Mark’s Church, NY, Jan. 1 1975) “The Struggle”\nTwo\t\t000\tEdwin Denby (GPS, December 11, 1974) “The Shoulder”\n\t\t027\t“Over Manhattan Island”\n\t\t043\t“Over Manhattan Island”\n\t\t089\t“Disorder Mental Strikes me”\n\t\t113\t“Suppose [ther’s] a cranky woman inside me”\n\t\t137\t“Helen Adam (St. Mark’s Church NY, Jan. 1, 1975) Cheerless Junkie Song”\n\t\t205\tDiana Di Prima (Naropa Institute, Boulder, Colorado, July 30, 1974) “Ave”\n\t\t325\tJohn Wieners (SUNY, Buffalo, NY, March 19, 1968) “In Public”\n\t\t354\tRobert Duncan (Dharma Festival San Francisco, Oct. 74)\n\t\t\t“To speak my mind”\n\t\t395\t“We, convivial in what is ours”\n\t\t441\tJohn Cage (St. Mark’s Church, NY, Jan. 1, 75) “Mureau”\n\t\t569\tDenise Levertov (NET-TV, Poetry: USA, 1966) “Life at war”\n\t\t699\tFrank O’Hara (NET-TV, Poetry: USA, 1966) “Having a coke with you” from The Love Poems\n\t\t777\tKenneth Koch (NET-TV, Poetry : USA, 1966) “Spring”\n\t\t852\tJohn Ashbery (NET-TV, Poetry: USA, 1966) “A blessing in disguise”\n\t\t930\tCharles Stein (St. Mark’s Church, NY, Jan. 1 1975) “Seed poem”"],"Note":["[{\"note\":\"\",\"type\":\"\"}]"],"Related_works":["[]"],"_version_":1853670555272609793,"timestamp":"2026-01-07T14:59:59.632Z","score":3.600539}]